{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T08:36:57Z","timestamp":1781944617880,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["365011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["365011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) provide strong direct protection in children, while limited data are available on their indirect effect on mortality among older age groups. This multicountry study aimed to assess the population-level impact of pediatric PCVs on all-cause pneumonia mortality among children \u22655 years of age, and invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases in Chile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demographic and mortality data from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico were collected considering the \u2265 5-year-old population, from 2000 to 2019, with 1 795 789 deaths due to all-cause pneumonia. IPD cases in Chile were also evaluated. Time series models were employed to evaluate changes in all-cause pneumonia deaths during the postvaccination period, with other causes of death used as synthetic controls for unrelated temporal trends.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No significant change in death rates due to all-cause pneumonia was detected following PCV introduction among most age groups and countries. The proportion of IPD cases caused by vaccine serotypes decreased from 29% (2012) to 6% (2022) among people aged \u226565 years in Chile.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While an effect of PCV against pneumonia deaths (a broad clinical definition that may not be specific enough to measure indirect effects) was not detected, evidence of indirect PCV impact was observed among vaccine-type\u2013specific IPD cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]],"date-time":"2024-03-18T10:57:43Z","timestamp":1710759463000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Estimated Population-Level Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines Against All-Cause Pneumonia Mortality Among Unvaccinated in 5 Latin American Countries"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4264-3090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ottavia","family":"Prunas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Basel , Switzerland"},{"name":"University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayoko","family":"Shioda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiana M","family":"Toscano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goias , Goiania, Goiania , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Bastias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pan-American Health Organization Special Program Comprehensive Immunization, , Santiago , Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Valenzuela-Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pan-American Health Organization Special Program Comprehensive Immunization, , Santiago , Chile"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Care Sciences, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janepsy Diaz","family":"Tito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Institute of Chile Departamento Agencia Nacional de Dispositivos Medicos, Innovacion y Desarollo, , Santiago , Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua L","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Microbial Diseases and Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut , USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M","family":"Weinberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Microbial Diseases and Public Health Modeling Unit, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia H","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Comprehensive Immunization Program, Pan-American Health Organization , Washington, District of Columbia , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024041616522240800_jiae144-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa614","article-title":"Declines in pneumonia mortality following the 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