{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:23:21Z","timestamp":1789575801809,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Dutch Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91218017;"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91218017;"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["670424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["670424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiome poses a serious risk for sexual human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission. Prevotella spp are abundant during vaginal dysbiosis and associated with enhanced HIV-1 susceptibility; however, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we investigated the direct effect of vaginal bacteria on HIV-1 susceptibility of vaginal CD4+ T cells. Notably, pre-exposure to Prevotella timonensis enhanced HIV-1 uptake by vaginal T cells, leading to increased viral fusion and enhanced virus production. Pre-exposure to antiretroviral inhibitors abolished P timonensis\u2013enhanced infection. Our study shows that the vaginal microbiome directly affects mucosal CD4+ T-cell susceptibility, emphasizing importance of vaginal dysbiosis diagnosis and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,4]],"date-time":"2024-04-04T14:09:29Z","timestamp":1712239769000},"page":"e43-e47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["<i>Prevotella timonensis<\/i> Bacteria Associated With Vaginal Dysbiosis Enhance Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Susceptibility Of Vaginal CD4+ T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"230","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5693-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nienke H","family":"van Teijlingen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2413-0136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marleen Y","family":"van Smoorenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6999-9145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramin","family":"Sarrami-Forooshani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic center for Education, Culture and Research , Tehran , Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther M","family":"Zijlstra-Willems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0765-9441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John L","family":"van Hamme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4277-9377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanneke","family":"Borgdorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2728-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janneke H H M","family":"van de Wijgert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2463-9127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"van Leeuwen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3311-2116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joris A M","family":"van der Post","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9167-7137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Strijbis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5682-4143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla M S","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5710-2839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teunis B H","family":"Geijtenbeek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The 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