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We compared the decay of kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) and spliced-leader RNA (SL-RNA) in vitro, in vivo, and in a VL patient cohort. An optimized combination of blood preservation and nucleic acid extraction improved efficiency for both targets. SL-RNA degraded more rapidly during treatment than kDNA, and correlated better with microscopic examination. SL-RNA quantitative polymerase chain reaction emerges as a superior method for dynamic monitoring of viable Leishmania parasites. It enables individualized treatment monitoring for improved prognoses and has potential as an early surrogate endpoint in clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T07:52:26Z","timestamp":1714031546000},"page":"183-187","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Spliced-Leader RNA as a Dynamic Marker for Monitoring Viable\n                    <i>Leishmania<\/i>\n                    Parasites During and After Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Rik","family":"Hendrickx","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roma","family":"Melkamu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leishmaniasis Research and Treatment Center, University of Gondar Hospital , 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