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NETs are complexes of histone proteins and DNA coated with proteolytic enzymes that are released extracellularly to entrap pathogens and aid in their clearance, in a process known as NETosis. Intravascular NETosis may drive a massive inflammatory response that has been shown to contribute to morbidity and mortality in many infectious diseases, including malaria, dengue fever, influenza, bacterial sepsis, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. In this review we seek to (1) summarize the current understanding of NETs, (2) discuss infectious diseases in which NET formation contributes to morbidity and mortality, and (3) explore potential adjunctive therapeutics that may be considered for future study in treating severe infections driven by NET pathophysiology. This includes drugs specifically targeting NET inhibition and US Food and Drug Administration\u2013approved drugs that may be repurposed as NET inhibitors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T18:20:48Z","timestamp":1715365248000},"page":"514-521","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: An Emerging Therapeutic Target to Improve Infectious Disease Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Angela","family":"Meier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Division of Critical Care, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6063-6217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Sakoulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group , San Diego"},{"name":"Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes (CHARM)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Nizet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes (CHARM)"},{"name":"Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0330-278X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erlinda R","family":"Ulloa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Orange County , Orange, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024081523533361900_jiae252-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa062","article-title":"COVID-19 autopsies, Oklahoma, USA","volume":"153","author":"Barton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2024081523533361900_jiae252-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30937-5","article-title":"Endothelial cell infection and endotheliitis in COVID-19","volume":"395","author":"Varga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024081523533361900_jiae252-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993720","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.993720","article-title":"Abrogation of neutrophil inflammatory pathways and potential reduction of neutrophil-related factors in COVID-19 by intravenous 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