{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T02:06:05Z","timestamp":1767665165519,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Men and women with a migration background comprise an increasing proportion of incident human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases across Western Europe.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To characterize sources of transmission in local transmission chains, we used partial HIV consensus sequences with linked demographic and clinical data from the opt-out AIDS Therapy Evaluation in the Netherlands (ATHENA) cohort of people with HIV in the Netherlands and identified phylogenetically and epidemiologically possible HIV transmission pairs in Amsterdam. We interpreted these in the context of estimated infection dates, and quantified population-level sources of transmission to foreign-born and Dutch-born Amsterdam men who have sex with men (MSM) within Amsterdam transmission chains.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We estimate that Dutch-born MSM were the predominant sources of infections among all Amsterdam MSM who acquired their infection locally in 2010\u20132021, and among almost all foreign-born Amsterdam MSM subpopulations. Stratifying by 2-year intervals indicated time trends in transmission dynamics, with a majority of infections originating from foreign-born MSM since 2016, although uncertainty ranges remained wide.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Native-born MSM have predominantly driven HIV transmissions in Amsterdam in 2010\u20132021. However, in the context of rapidly declining incidence in Amsterdam, the contribution from foreign-born MSM living in Amsterdam is increasing, with some evidence that most local transmissions have been from foreign-born Amsterdam MSM since 2016.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T17:28:17Z","timestamp":1720459697000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sources of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections Among Men Who Have Sex With Men With a Migration Background: A Viral Phylogenetic Case Study in Amsterdam, The Netherlands"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2328-8671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Blenkinsop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikos","family":"Pantazis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evangelia Georgia","family":"Kostaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lysandros","family":"Sofocleous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6656-0516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ard","family":"van Sighem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stichting HIV Monitoring, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Bezemer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stichting HIV Monitoring, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thijs","family":"van de Laar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Donor Medicine Research, Sanquin, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"van der Valk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stichting HIV Monitoring, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Godelieve","family":"de Bree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Ratmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"HIV\/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2023 (2022 data)","year":"2023","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)\/World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe","key":"2024070817411391600_jiae267-B1"},{"key":"2024070817411391600_jiae267-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001571","article-title":"High levels of postmigration HIV acquisition within nine European countries","volume":"31","author":"Alvarez-del Arco","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"author":"Rodriguez","key":"2024070817411391600_jiae267-B3"},{"key":"2024070817411391600_jiae267-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76487","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.76487","article-title":"Estimating the potential to prevent locally acquired HIV infections in a UNAIDS Fast-Track city, Amsterdam","volume":"11","author":"Blenkinsop","year":"2022","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2024070817411391600_jiae267-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000586","article-title":"Is reaching 90\u201390\u201390 enough to end AIDS? 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