{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T14:21:31Z","timestamp":1790259691993,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Specified Government Transfers"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009420","name":"Hospital District of Southwest Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009420","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Government Research Foundation"},{"name":"Satakunta Hospital District"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007417","name":"Paulo Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007417","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004212","name":"P\u00e4ivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004212","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010129","name":"Maud Kuistila Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Comparative data are limited on the transmission of respiratory infections positive and negative for SARS-CoV-2 in households with children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In June to August 2020, we recruited 700 participants (175 households, 376 children, 324 adults) to be prospectively followed for all respiratory tract infections. Follow-up lasted from recruitment until April 2022. Daily symptoms were monitored by weekly electronic questionnaires. SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing from nasopharyngeal specimens was performed for symptomatic participants and twice (1-week interval) for the household members of positive participants. Clinical features and secondary attack rates (SARs) based on the onset of symptoms were compared between respiratory infections that were SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most SARS-CoV-2 infections (90%) occurred from January to April 2022 when Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 were the dominant variants. SARS-CoV-2\u2013positive infections were transmitted more often than SARS-CoV-2\u2013negative infections (SAR, 41% vs 24%; P &amp;lt; .001). SARS-CoV-2 transmission was similar for child and adult index cases (SAR, 40% vs 43%; P = .47), but the transmission of SARS-CoV-2\u2013negative infections was higher for child index cases (SAR, 27% vs 18%; P &amp;lt; .001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 Omicron viruses spread more effectively within households as compared with other respiratory infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T18:10:27Z","timestamp":1717179027000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Household Transmission and Clinical Features of Respiratory Tract Infections That Were SARS-CoV-2 Positive and Negative"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1593-213X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaakko","family":"Ahti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Toivonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Ollila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauri","family":"Ivaska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku"},{"name":"InFLAMES Flagship, University of Turku"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krista","family":"Salo-Tuominen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku"},{"name":"Unit of Health and Well-Being, Turku University of Applied Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tytti","family":"Vuorinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Lempainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku"},{"name":"Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku , 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