{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:46:31Z","timestamp":1790649991307,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717113600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020955","name":"GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Neisseria gonorrhoeae is widespread globally. Primary prevention is unsuccessful and antimicrobial resistance threatens optimal management. There is no specific vaccine and natural infection studies show that N gonorrhoeae can avoid and suppress immune responses. In addition to extensive variation in expression and specificity of many gonococcal surface antigens, it induces a robust inflammatory response through the Th17 pathway with a large influx of neutrophils and inflammatory cytokines but evades macrophages. The Th1- and Th2-mediated response is suppressed, resulting in low, short-lived antibody titers. Real-world evidence suggests that gonorrhea cases are reduced among recipients of Neisseria meningitidis group B vaccines containing outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Although the first randomized trial of an OMV-containing MenB vaccine against N gonorrhoeae infection did not show statistically significant vaccine efficacy, ongoing trials might shed further light. Several candidate vaccine antigens for a gonococcal-specific vaccine are being evaluated preclinically but only one has reached clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T21:48:04Z","timestamp":1717192084000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Urgent Need to Understand and Prevent Gonococcal Infection: From the Laboratory to Real-World Context"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"given":"Yara","family":"Ruiz Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK , Tres Cantos , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanne","family":"Marrazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9023-581X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Martin\u00f3n-Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela , Spain"},{"name":"Genetics, Vaccines and Infections Research Group, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Santiago, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela , Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9918-9493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kimberly","family":"Workowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Giordano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK , Siena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariagrazia","family":"Pizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK , Siena , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo-Yun","family":"Sohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GSK , Rockville, Maryland , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024081208271607600_jiae289-B1","article-title":"Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024081208271607600_jiae289-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1071\/SH19061","article-title":"Epidemiology of gonorrhoea: a global 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