{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:43:07Z","timestamp":1790023387215,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]],"date-time":"2024-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001341","name":"Susan and Richard Kiphart family","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Dominique Cornwell and Peter Mann Family Foundation"},{"name":"The Rayni Foundation, Inc."},{"name":"Rodriguex Family","award":["R00AG058780"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00AG058780"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sensory functions of organs of the head and neck allow humans to interact with the environment and establish social bonds. With aging, smell, taste, vision, and hearing decline. Evidence suggests that accelerated impairment in sensory abilities can reflect a shift from healthy to pathological aging, including the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurological disorders. While the drivers of early sensory alteration in AD are not elucidated, insults such as trauma and infections can affect sensory function. Herein, we review the involvement of the major head and neck sensory systems in AD, with emphasis on microbes exploiting sensory pathways to enter the brain (the \u201cgateway\u201d hypothesis) and the potential feedback loop by which sensory function may be impacted by central nervous system infection. We emphasize detection of sensory changes as first-line surveillance in senior adults to identify and remove potential insults, like microbial infections, that could precipitate brain pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T16:59:46Z","timestamp":1719507586000},"page":"S150-S164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Sensory Dysfunction, Microbial Infections, and Host Responses in Alzheimer's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"230","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4031-8975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Praveen","family":"Bathini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Brai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BrainFit4Life , Fribourg ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian J","family":"Balin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Chronic Disorders of Aging, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Intracell Research Group , LLC, Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Bimler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B","family":"Corry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biology of Inflammation Center, and the Michael E. DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Immunology, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biology of Inflammation Center, and the Michael E. DeBakey VA Center for Translational Research in Inflammatory Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davangere P","family":"Devanand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Irving Medical Center, Columbia University , New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard L","family":"Doty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Smell and Taste Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garth D","family":"Ehrlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Genomic Sciences, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A","family":"Eimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease , Charlestown, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Charlestown, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamas","family":"Fulop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center on Aging, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, Qu\u00e9bec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Intracell Research Group , LLC, Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine J","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Infanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Research, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Itzhaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Institute of Population Ageing, University of Oxford , Oxford ,","place":["United 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Visual Sciences, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shima T","family":"Moein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Smell and Taste Center, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy R","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6547-0172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Perry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Intracell Research Group , LLC, Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio , San Antonio, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Or A","family":"Shemesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Intracell Research Group , LLC, Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolph E","family":"Tanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Genetics and Aging Research Unit, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease , Charlestown, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Charlestown, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Harvard University , Cambridge, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilmore C","family":"Webley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Intracell Research Group , LLC, Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikki M","family":"Schultek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Intracell Research Group , LLC, Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0446-5337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lavinia","family":"Alberi Auber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Alzheimer's Pathobiome Initiative (AlzPI) , Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"BrainFit4Life , Fribourg ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Intracell Research Group , LLC, Wake Forest, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, 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