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Using a whole-proteome differential screening method, we identified Schistosoma japonicum helminth defense molecule 1 (SjHDM-1) as a target of antibodies expressed by S. japonicum\u2013resistant but not S. japonicum\u2013susceptible individuals. In a longitudinal cohort study (n = 644) conducted in a S. japonicum\u2013endemic region of the Philippines, antibody levels to SjHDM-1 did not predict resistance to reinfection but were associated with increased measures of inflammation. Individuals with high levels of anti\u2013SjHDM-1 immunoglobulin G had higher levels of C-reactive protein than those with low anti\u2013SjHDM-1. High anti\u2013SjHDM-1 immunoglobulin G responses were also associated with reduced biomarkers of nutritional status (albumin), as well as decreased anthropometric measures of nutritional status (weight-for-age and height-for-age z scores) and increased measures of hepatomegaly. Our results suggest that anti\u2013SjHDM-1 responses inhibit the immunomodulatory function of SjHDM-1, resulting in increased morbidity rates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae330","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T01:29:51Z","timestamp":1719624591000},"page":"1023-1032","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association of Antibodies to Helminth Defense Molecule 1 With Inflammation, Organomegaly, and Decreased Nutritional Status in Schistosomiasis Japonica"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"230","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6404-4905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda E","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for International Health Research, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Medical School , Providence, Rhode Island ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University Medical School , Providence, Rhode 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