{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T19:22:30Z","timestamp":1791660150237,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pneumococcal carriage is associated with increased acquisition and duration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among adults. While pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) prevent carriage of vaccine-serotype pneumococci, their potential impact on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)\u2013related outcomes remains poorly understood in populations with prevalent immunity against SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We undertook a retrospective cohort study of adults aged \u226565 years in the Kaiser Permanente Southern California healthcare system who had received \u22652 COVID-19 vaccine doses, comparing risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1 January 2021 and 31 December 2022 among recipients and nonrecipients of 13-valent PCV (PCV13) employing multiple strategies to mitigate bias from differential test-seeking behavior.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The ajusted hazard ratio of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection comparing PCV13 recipients to nonrecipients was 0.92 (95% confidence interval [CI], .90\u2013.95), corresponding to prevention of 3.9 (95% CI, 2.6\u20135.3) infections per 100 person-years. Following receipt of 2, 3, and \u22654 COVID-19 vaccine doses, aHRs (95% CI) were 0.85 (.81\u2013.89), 0.94 (.90\u2013.97), and 0.99 (.93\u20131.04), respectively. The aHR (95% CI) for persons who had not received COVID-19 vaccination in the preceding 6 months was 0.90 (.86\u2013.93), versus 0.94 (.91\u2013.98) within 6 months after COVID-19 vaccination. Similarly, aHRs (95% CI) were 0.92 (.89\u2013.94) for persons without history of documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, versus 1.00 (.90\u20131.12) for persons with documented prior infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among older adults who had received \u22652 COVID-19 vaccine doses, PCV13 was associated with modest protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Protective effects of PCV13 were greater among individuals expected to have weaker immune protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T12:03:44Z","timestamp":1722859424000},"page":"e1082-e1091","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Association of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccination With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection Among Older Adult Recipients of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccines: A Longitudinal Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"230","author":[{"given":"Joseph A","family":"Lewnard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Computational Biology, School of Public Health"},{"name":"College of Statistics, Data Science, and Society"},{"name":"Augmented Graduate Group in Computational Precision Health, University of California, Berkeley"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vennis","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California , Pasadena"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay R","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Vaccines , Collegeville, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley K","family":"Ackerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California , Pasadena"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8277-2431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katia J","family":"Bruxvoort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Pomichowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California , Pasadena"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Arguedas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Vaccines , Collegeville, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Can\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Vaccines , Collegeville, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1246-530X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis","family":"Jodar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Vaccines , Collegeville, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradford D","family":"Gessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Vaccines , Collegeville, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Y","family":"Tartof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California , Pasadena"},{"name":"Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. 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