{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T12:13:53Z","timestamp":1792844033162,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CB4088"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB4088"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CB10641"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB10641"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Evaluating the adaptive immune responses to natural infection with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus (CCHFV) in human survivors is critical to the development of medical countermeasures. However, the correlates of protection are unknown. As the most prevalent tick-borne human hemorrhagic fever virus with case fatality rates of 5%\u201330% and worldwide distribution, there is an urgent need to fill these knowledge gaps. Here, we describe adaptive immune responses in a cohort of Ugandan CCHF survivors via serial sampling over 6 years. We demonstrate persistent antibodies after infection and cross-neutralization against various clades of authentic CCHFV, as well as potent effector function. Moreover, we show for the first time persistent, polyfunctional antigen-specific memory T-cell responses to multiple CCHFV proteins up to 9 years after infection. Together, this data provides immunological benchmarks for evaluating CCHFV medical countermeasures and information that can be leveraged toward vaccine immunogen design and viral target identification for monoclonal antibody therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T13:01:58Z","timestamp":1725886918000},"page":"762-772","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A Longitudinal Analysis of Memory Immune Responses in Convalescent Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Survivors in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"231","author":[{"given":"Courtney A","family":"Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease , Fort Detrick, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Balinandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Medical Research Council\/Uganda Viral Research Institute , Entebbe ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana I","family":"Kuehne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease , Fort Detrick, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle L","family":"Rock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease , Fort Detrick, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"The Geneva Foundation , Tacoma, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke G","family":"Bonagofski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease , Fort Detrick, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keersten M","family":"Ricks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Systems Division , US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Systems Division , US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease, Fort Detrick, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dafna","family":"Abelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mapp Biopharmaceutical , San Diego, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spencer W","family":"Stonier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease , Fort Detrick, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Odongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Medical Research Council\/Uganda Viral Research Institute , Entebbe ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary A","family":"Bornholdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mapp Biopharmaceutical , San Diego, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larry","family":"Zeitlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mapp Biopharmaceutical , San Diego, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Crystal","family":"Moyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mapp Biopharmaceutical , San Diego, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5156-037X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Cose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Medical Research Council\/Uganda Viral Research Institute , Entebbe ,","place":["Uganda"]},{"name":"London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit , Entebbe ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M","family":"Dye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease , Fort Detrick, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius J","family":"Lutwama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arbovirology, Medical Research Council\/Uganda Viral Research Institute , Entebbe ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5256-7733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew S","family":"Herbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Disease , Fort Detrick, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025031709161532500_jiae395-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.07.006","article-title":"Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical syndrome and genetic diversity","volume":"100","author":"Bente","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"2025031709161532500_jiae395-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trv050","article-title":"The global distribution of 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