{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T01:49:02Z","timestamp":1780537742002,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]],"date-time":"2024-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006356","name":"Region of Southern Denmark","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R189-A4123-B2670"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R189-A4123-B2670"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006356","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006356","name":"Region of Southern Denmark","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R26-A1018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R26-A1018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006356","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Danish Association of Urology"},{"name":"IPSEN research legate"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease with a significant risk of relapse. Deliberate bladder colonization with asymptomatic Escherichia coli is being explored as a potential strategy to fend off invading uropathogens, thereby mitigating the risk of symptomatic UTI. Currently, one major obstacle is the low success rates for achieving persistent bladder colonization with asymptomatic bacteria and experimental challenge studies are lacking. Here, we assessed the influence of an indwelling bladder catheter on the ability of asymptomatic E. coli to colonize the bladder and to assess the protective efficacy of such colonization against experimental UTI with uropathogenic E. coli.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pigs with or without indwelling bladder catheters were experimentally inoculated with the asymptomatic E. coli strain 83972 and subsequently challenged by inoculation with a uropathogenic E. coli isolate, UTI89. The animals were monitored with regular urine and blood samples and bladders and kidneys were harvested at termination.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All pigs with indwelling catheters were colonized by E. coli 83972 in response to inoculation, compared to pigs without catheters in which only 1 of 8 animals were colonized. When removing the catheter, E. coli 83972 were spontaneously cleared. Colonization with E. coli 83972 prevented experimental infection in 50% of animals, whereas all control animals became infected.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The presence of indwelling bladder catheters strongly facilitates the colonization of E. coli 83972, indicating that individuals with catheters may be particularly suited for receiving this treatment. The research supports prophylactic colonization with E. coli 83972 as a potential strategy to reduce the risk of UTIs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,14]],"date-time":"2024-08-14T23:03:27Z","timestamp":1723676607000},"page":"e355-e363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of Bladder Catheterization On Bacterial Interference With Asymptomatic <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> Strain 83972 in an Experimental Porcine Model of Urinary Tract Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"231","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2410-0375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristian","family":"St\u00e6rk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janni S\u00f8vs\u00f8","family":"Hjelmager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise Kruse","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin Meyer","family":"J\u00f8rgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6008-3771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakob","family":"M\u00f8ller-Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Urology, Odense University Hospital , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9453-1141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas Emil","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2013.09.003","article-title":"Urinary tract infection syndromes: occurrence, recurrence, bacteriology, risk factors, and disease burden","volume":"28","author":"Foxman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B2","author":"EAU. Urological infections","year":"2020"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3432","article-title":"Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options","volume":"13","author":"Flores-Mireles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B4","article-title":"Review on antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance: tackling a crisis for the health and wealth of nations","author":"O'Neill","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.07.008","article-title":"Gut-bladder axis enters the stage: implication for recurrent urinary tract infections","volume":"30","author":"Salazar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.1.615-624.2006","article-title":"The asymptomatic bacteriuria Escherichia coli strain 83972 outcompetes uropathogenic E. coli strains in human urine","volume":"74","author":"Roos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B8","first-page":"5","article-title":"Deliberate establishment of asymptomatic bacteriuria-a novel strategy to prevent recurrent UTI","author":"Wullt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1086\/497272","article-title":"Bacterial interference for prevention of urinary tract infection: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind pilot trial","volume":"41","author":"Darouiche","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.03.024","article-title":"Escherichia coli 83972 bacteriuria protects against recurrent lower urinary tract infections in patients with incomplete bladder emptying","volume":"184","author":"Sund\u00e9n","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)67823-8","article-title":"Urinary tract infection prophylaxis using Escherichia coli 83972 in spinal cord injured patients","volume":"163","author":"Hull","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01271-7","article-title":"Pilot trial of bacterial interference for preventing urinary tract infection","volume":"58","author":"Darouiche","year":"2001","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2346052.026","article-title":"Competitive inoculation as an effective prophylaxis against recurrent urinary tract infections: a systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Mak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Neurourol J"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)63246-4","article-title":"Urodynamic factors influence the duration of Escherichia coli bacteriuria in deliberately colonized cases","volume":"159","author":"Wullt","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12220","article-title":"Clinical complications of urinary catheters caused by crystalline biofilms: something needs to be done","volume":"276","author":"Stickler","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2022.213182","article-title":"Controlling shape morphing and cell release in engineered living materials","volume":"143","author":"Rivera-Tarazona","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomater Adv"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B17","first-page":"109","article-title":"Catheter-associated urinary tract infections: current challenges and future prospects","volume":"14","author":"Werneburg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Rep Urol"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685698","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.685698","article-title":"A novel device-integrated drug delivery system for local inhibition of urinary tract infection","volume":"12","author":"St\u00e6rk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B19","first-page":"167","article-title":"Escherichia coli type-1 fimbriae are critical to overcome initial bottlenecks of infection upon low-dose inoculation in a porcine model of cystitis","author":"St\u00e6rk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microbiology (Reading)"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2978","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00281-10","article-title":"Virulence of Escherichia coli B2 isolates from meat and animals in a murine model of ascending urinary tract infection (UTI): evidence that UTI is a zoonosis","volume":"48","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/bco2.295","article-title":"Catheter-associated bladder mucosal trauma during intermittent voiding: an experimental study in pigs","volume":"5","author":"St\u00e6rk","year":"2024","journal-title":"BJUI Compass"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B22","first-page":"CD010723","article-title":"Probiotics for preventing urinary tract infection in people with neuropathic bladder","volume":"9","author":"Toh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1086\/510872","article-title":"Coating urinary catheters with an avirulent strain of Escherichia coli as a means to establish asymptomatic colonization","volume":"28","author":"Trautner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1)","key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.05.007","article-title":"Bacterial interference\u2014is deliberate colonization with Escherichia coli 83972 an alternative treatment for patients with recurrent urinary tract infection?","volume":"28","author":"Sund\u00e9n","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.05.014","article-title":"Decreased microbiota diversity associated with urinary tract infection in a trial of bacterial interference","volume":"71","author":"Horwitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00186","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00186-18","article-title":"Rapid growth of uropathogenic Escherichia coli during human urinary tract infection","volume":"9","author":"Forsyth","year":"2018","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3179","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00473-12","article-title":"Identification of genes important for growth of asymptomatic bacteriuria Escherichia coli in urine","volume":"80","author":"Vejborg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.40.1.273-283.1983","article-title":"Ascending, unobstructed urinary tract infection in mice caused by pyelonephritogenic Escherichia coli of human origin","volume":"40","author":"Hagberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2025022016350776000_jiae404-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1177\/00236772221133433","article-title":"Clean-catching urine from pigs: a method for collecting quality specimens for urinalysis and microbiological culturing in a laboratory environment","volume":"57","author":"St\u00e6rk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lab Anim"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiae404\/59140630\/jiae404.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/231\/2\/e355\/59140630\/jiae404.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/231\/2\/e355\/59140630\/jiae404.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T16:36:48Z","timestamp":1740069408000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/231\/2\/e355\/7737363"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiae404","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,20]]}}}