{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T11:40:10Z","timestamp":1784202010007,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FDN-143270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDN-143270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PJT-185954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-185954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec-Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["296306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["296306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chair","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections increase the risk of hepatic steatosis (HS), which in turn contribute to the severity and progression of liver disease. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) can cure HCV but whether they reduce HS is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>HS was assessed using the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and the Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) in participants coinfected with HIV and HCV from the Canadian Coinfection Cohort. Changes in HS, before, during, and after successful DAA treatment were estimated using generalized additive mixed models, adjusted for covariates measured prior to treatment (age, sex, duration of HCV infection, body mass index, diabetes, prior exposure to dideoxynucleosides, and hazardous drinking).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 431 participants with at least 1 measure of CAP or HSI before treatment were included. CAP steadily increased over time: adjusted annual slope 3.3\u2005dB\/m (95% credible interval [CrI], 1.6\u20134.9) before, and 3.9\u2005dB\/m (95% CrI, 1.9\u20135.9) after DAA treatment, irrespective of pretreatment CAP. In contrast, HSI changed little over time: annual slope 0.2 (95% CrI, \u22120.1 to 0.5) before and 0.2 (95% CrI, \u22120.1 to 0.5) after, but demonstrated a marked reduction during treatment \u22124.5 (95% CrI, \u22125.9 to \u22123.1).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>When assessed by CAP, HS was unaffected by DAA treatment and steadily increased over time. In contrast, HSI did not appear to reflect changes in HS, with the decrease during treatment likely related to resolution of hepatic inflammation. Ongoing HS may pose a risk for liver disease in coinfected people cured of HCV.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T14:54:56Z","timestamp":1729176896000},"page":"e101-e112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Changes in Hepatic Steatosis Before and After Direct-Acting Antiviral Treatment in People With HIV and Hepatitis C Coinfection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"231","author":[{"given":"Esther","family":"Truscello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University , Maastricht ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4314-3007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jim","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giada","family":"Sebastiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon L","family":"Walmsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Health Network, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research Canadian HIV Trials Network , Vancouver, British Columbia ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Hull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV\/AIDS , Vancouver, British Columbia ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Curtis","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3063-8430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina B","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research Canadian HIV Trials Network , Vancouver, British Columbia ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726419","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.726419","article-title":"A tale of two viruses: immunological insights into HCV\/HIV coinfection","volume":"12","author":"Gobran","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001504","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in HIV-monoinfection","volume":"31","author":"Maurice","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.11.020","article-title":"Steatosis and hepatitis C virus: mechanisms and significance for hepatic and extrahepatic disease","volume":"126","author":"Lonardo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17060803","article-title":"NAFLD and NASH in HCV infection: prevalence and significance in hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations","volume":"17","author":"Adinolfi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020271","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus-lipid interplay: pathogenesis and clinical impact","volume":"11","author":"Elgretli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0145-7","article-title":"From NASH to HCC: current concepts and future challenges","volume":"16","author":"Anstee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30914","article-title":"Elevated fatty liver index as a risk factor for all-cause mortality in human immunodeficiency virus-hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort study)","volume":"71","author":"Barr\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i13.1267","article-title":"Metabolic complications of hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"27","author":"Chaudhari","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B9","first-page":"24","article-title":"Steatosis and hepatitis C","volume":"4","author":"Modaresi Esfeh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0181-1","article-title":"HIV and antiretroviral therapy-related fat alterations","volume":"6","author":"Koethe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000616","article-title":"Weight gain and integrase inhibitors","volume":"33","author":"Eckard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-33419-6","article-title":"Association between body mass index and fatty liver risk: a dose-response analysis","volume":"8","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0010.7536","article-title":"Worsening of serum lipid profile after direct acting antiviral treatment","volume":"17","author":"Gitto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Hepatol"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-669","article-title":"Anthropometric parameters and liver histology influence lipid metabolic changes in HCV chronic hepatitis on direct-acting antiviral treatment","volume":"9","author":"Iossa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2018.0333","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of hepatic steatosis in patients with HIV\/HCV coinfection and the impact of HCV eradication","volume":"33","author":"Chromy","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDs"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0269641","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0269641","article-title":"Improvement of liver fibrosis, but not steatosis, after HCV eradication as assessment by MR-based imaging: role of metabolic derangement and host genetic variants","volume":"17","author":"Chuaypen","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14506","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93881-7","article-title":"Comparison of liver biopsies before and after direct-acting antiviral therapy for hepatitis C and correlation with clinical outcome","volume":"11","author":"Saldarriaga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0000000000001106","article-title":"Changes in liver stiffness and steatosis among patients with hepatitis C virus infection who received direct-acting antiviral therapy and achieved sustained virological response","volume":"30","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7845","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26293-9","article-title":"Eradication of hepatitis C virus is associated with the attenuation of steatosis as evaluated using a controlled attenuation parameter","volume":"8","author":"Shimizu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24950","article-title":"Serial changes in liver stiffness and controlled attenuation parameter following direct-acting antiviral therapy against hepatitis C virus genotype 1b","volume":"90","author":"Ogasawara","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.12.022","article-title":"Individual patient data meta-analysis of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) technology for assessing steatosis","volume":"66","author":"Karlas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.05.025","article-title":"EASL clinical practice guidelines on non-invasive tests for evaluation of liver disease severity and prognosis\u20142021 update","volume":"75","author":"Panel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2009.08.002","article-title":"Hepatic steatosis index: a simple screening tool reflecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac279","article-title":"Assessment of noninvasive markers of steatosis and liver fibrosis in human immunodeficiency virus-monoinfected patients on stable antiretroviral regimens","volume":"9","author":"Busca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B25","first-page":"254","article-title":"Triglyceride-glucose index and hepatic steatosis index for the assessment of liver steatosis in HCV patients","volume":"69","author":"Preveden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Minerva Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B26","volume-title":"AUDIT\u2014the alcohol use disorders identification test: guidelines for use in primary heath care","author":"Babor","year":"2001","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa702","article-title":"Liver fibrosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection before and after sustained virologic response: what is the best noninvasive marker for monitoring regression?","volume":"73","author":"Kronfli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcn099","article-title":"When it is better to estimate a slope with only one point","volume":"101","author":"Thi\u00e9baut","year":"2008","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-11760-2_2","volume-title":"Longitudinal research with latent variables","author":"Verbeke","year":"2010"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315370279","volume-title":"Generalized additive models: an introduction with R","author":"Wood","year":"2017","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002412","article-title":"Vitamin E is an effective treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in HIV mono-infected patients","volume":"34","author":"Sebastiani","year":"2020","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae151","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists promote weight loss among people with HIV [published online ahead of print 19 March 2024]","author":"Nguyen","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad500.111","article-title":"Effects of semaglutide on adipose tissue in HIV-associated lipohypertrophy","volume":"10","author":"McComsey","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2309000","article-title":"A phase 3, randomized, controlled trial of resmetirom in NASH with liver fibrosis","volume":"390","author":"Harrison","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2401943","article-title":"Tirzepatide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis with liver fibrosis","volume":"391","author":"Loomba","year":"2024","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B36","author":"Siribelli"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2020.11.001","article-title":"Metabolic comorbidities and male sex influence steatosis in chronic hepatitis C after viral eradication by direct-acting antiviral therapy (DAAs): evaluation by the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP)","volume":"53","author":"Cespiati","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dig Liver Dis"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12030702","article-title":"Changes in liver steatosis using controlled attenuation parameter among patients with chronic hepatitis C infection treated with direct-acting antivirals therapy who achieved sustained virological response","volume":"12","author":"Trifan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25484","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25484","article-title":"Weight gain among treatment-naive persons with HIV starting integrase inhibitors compared to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or protease inhibitors in a large observational cohort in the United States and Canada","volume":"23","author":"Bourgi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e478","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad411","article-title":"Weight gain after HIV therapy initiation: pathophysiology and implications","volume":"109","author":"Chandiwana","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2024.04.005","article-title":"Weight gain and antiretroviral therapy","volume":"38","author":"Bailin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101116","article-title":"Stratifying the risk of NAFLD in patients with HIV under combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)","volume":"40","author":"Bischoff","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac538","article-title":"Factors associated with liver steatosis in people with human immunodeficiency virus on contemporary antiretroviral therapy","volume":"9","author":"Riebensahm","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2017.389","article-title":"Prognostic value of controlled attenuation parameter by transient elastography","volume":"112","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-021-01388-2","article-title":"Prognostic impact of liver fibrosis and steatosis by transient elastography for cardiovascular and mortality outcomes in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: the Rio de Janeiro cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Cardoso","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofv015","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv015","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis by serum biomarkers in a large cohort of human immunodeficiency virus mono-infected patients","volume":"2","author":"Sebastiani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08530-3","article-title":"The impact of integrase inhibitors on steatosis and fibrosis biomarkers in persons with HIV naive to antiretroviral therapy","volume":"23","author":"Fernandes","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2016.505.029","article-title":"Study of hepatic steatosis index in patients with chronic HCV infection","volume":"5","author":"Elwan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.14218\/JCTH.2018.00014","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus clearance by direct-acting antiviral results in rapid resolution of hepatocytic injury as indicated by both alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase normalization","volume":"6","author":"Huynh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Hepatol"},{"key":"2025020417130927700_jiae487-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s40506-019-00207-3","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in HIV\/HCV co-infected patients","volume":"11","author":"Collins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiae487\/59873184\/jiae487.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/231\/1\/e101\/59873184\/jiae487.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/231\/1\/e101\/59873184\/jiae487.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T17:18:51Z","timestamp":1738689531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/231\/1\/e101\/7824781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiae487","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]}}}