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Nutritional deficiencies can blunt both the innate and adaptive immune response to pathogens. Furthermore, malnutrition is both a cause and consequence of infectious diseases. The bidirectional relationship between infectious diseases and undernutrition, as well as the inflammatory milieu of infectious diseases, can complicate nutritional assessment. This article aims to provide clinicians and researchers with an overview of commonly used tools to assess nutritional status, with a particular emphasis on their use in the context of infectious diseases. These tools include anthropometric, biochemical, clinical\/physical, and dietary assessments to screen and evaluate undernutrition, diet quality, and food insecurity effectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,29]],"date-time":"2024-10-29T00:23:08Z","timestamp":1730161388000},"page":"562-572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The ABCDs of Nutritional Assessment in Infectious Diseases Research"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"231","author":[{"given":"Lindsey M","family":"Locks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6425-450X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aneri","family":"Parekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0025-3499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharine","family":"Newell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madolyn R","family":"Dauphinais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts 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San Francisco , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia L","family":"Finkelstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joan Klein Jacobs Center for Precision Nutrition and Health, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Nutrition, St Johns\u2019s Research Institute , Bengaluru, Karnataka ,","place":["India"]},{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3788-0665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saurabh","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joan Klein Jacobs Center for Precision Nutrition and Health, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Medical Informatics, St Johns\u2019s Research Institute , Bengaluru, Karnataka ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4233-0871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pranay","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts 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