{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T11:56:41Z","timestamp":1782388601385,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI145310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI145310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08 AI151253-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 AI151253-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000867","name":"Robert Wood Johnson Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000867","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia is associated with high rates of treatment failure, even when antibiotics showing in vitro susceptibility are used. Early optimization of therapy is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. Building on our previous research on carbapenem therapy for methicillin-susceptible S aureus bacteremia, we examined the utility of adjunctive carbapenems (ertapenem or meropenem) to enhance the efficacy of ceftaroline or vancomycin for treatment of MRSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The effectiveness of combination therapy versus monotherapy against MRSA was assessed using checkerboard, time-kill, and human whole blood killing assays, as well as a murine bacteremia model. Additionally, we performed transcriptomic analysis and conducted human platelet and antimicrobial peptide killing assays on MRSA pretreated with subtherapeutic concentrations of ceftaroline and carbapenems. The supernatants from these MRSA isolates were used to treat platelets, and cytotoxicity was assessed via lactate dehydrogenase release assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although not used for MRSA, we identified striking in vitro and in vivo synergy between carbapenems and ceftaroline or vancomycin. MRSA pretreated with subtherapeutic ceftaroline-carbapenem therapy revealed transcriptional shifts indicative of reduced antibiotic resistance, virulence, and host immune evasion. Supernatants from these MRSA isolates also caused less platelet injury compared to monotherapy. Furthermore, MRSA pretreated with ceftaroline and carbapenems demonstrated increased susceptibility to killing by human platelets and the antimicrobial peptide LL-37.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The therapeutic success of adjunctive carbapenems appears driven by multiple mechanisms, including direct drug\u2013drug synergy with first-line anti-MRSA agents, attenuation of resistance and virulence factors, and enhancement of immune-mediated killing, each warranting further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T23:17:07Z","timestamp":1735946227000},"page":"181-190","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Enhanced Killing of Methicillin-Resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    With Ceftaroline or Vancomycin in Combination With Carbapenems"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"232","author":[{"given":"Allen","family":"Jankeel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6866-1106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"P\u00e9rez-Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuj K","family":"Khetarpal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5470-3639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan A","family":"Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3847-0422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Nizet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics"},{"name":"Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes (CHARM), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6063-6217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Sakoulas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes (CHARM), Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine , La Jolla"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Sharp Rees-Stealy Medical Group , San Diego, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0330-278X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erlinda R","family":"Ulloa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Orange County , Orange, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3012","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.24.3012","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis: a consequence of medical progress","volume":"293","author":"Fowler","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab452","article-title":"Current paradigms of combination therapy in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia: does it work, which combination, and for which patients?","volume":"73","author":"Rose","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad525","article-title":"Executive summary: state-of-the-art review: contemporary management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: controversies in clinical practice","volume":"77","author":"Minter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz257","article-title":"Defining the breakpoint duration of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia predictive of poor outcomes","volume":"70","author":"Minejima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae080","article-title":"Contemporary management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: some additional considerations for clinicians","volume":"79","author":"Sakoulas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30447-3","article-title":"Defining persistent Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study","volume":"20","author":"Kuehl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6609","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01192-16","article-title":"Cefazolin and ertapenem, a synergistic combination used to clear persistent Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia","volume":"60","author":"Sakoulas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz995","article-title":"Cefazolin and ertapenem salvage therapy rapidly clears persistent methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia","volume":"71","author":"Ulloa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0216621","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02166-21","article-title":"Is the success of cefazolin plus ertapenem in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia based on release of interleukin-1 beta?","volume":"66","author":"Smelter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofac159","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac159","article-title":"Potent activity of ertapenem plus cefazolin within staphylococcal biofilms: a contributing factor in the treatment of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis","volume":"9","author":"Gilbertie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02483-18","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02483-18","article-title":"Clinical data on daptomycin plus ceftaroline versus standard of care monotherapy in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia","volume":"63","author":"Geriak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy557","article-title":"Is a reported penicillin allergy sufficient grounds to forgo the multidimensional antimicrobial benefits of \u03b2-lactam antibiotics?","volume":"68","author":"Sakoulas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04965-14","article-title":"Examining the use of ceftaroline in the treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis with reference to human cathelicidin LL-37","volume":"59","author":"Sakoulas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B14","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2024","edition":"34th ed"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B15","volume-title":"Clinical microbiology procedures handbook","author":"Leber","year":"2023","edition":"5th ed"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/IM9.0000000000000014","article-title":"Azithromycin exerts bactericidal activity and enhances innate immune mediated killing of MDR Achromobacter xylosoxidans","volume":"2","author":"Ulloa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Microbes Dis"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab146","article-title":"Ticagrelor increases platelet-mediated Staphylococcus aureus killing, resulting in clearance of bacteremia","volume":"224","author":"Ulloa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz128","article-title":"Avibactam sensitizes carbapenem-resistant NDM-1\u2013producing Klebsiella pneumoniae to innate immune clearance","volume":"220","author":"Ulloa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6160","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01078-12","article-title":"Efficacy of ceftaroline fosamil in a staphylococcal murine pneumonia model","volume":"56","author":"Bhalodi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00752-06","article-title":"Bactericidal activities of meropenem and ertapenem against extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neutropenic mouse thigh model","volume":"51","author":"DeRyke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab206","article-title":"Efficacy assessment of lysin CF-296 in addition to daptomycin or vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus in the murine thigh infection model","volume":"76","author":"Asempa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2023.106836","article-title":"Comparison of the in vivo efficacy of ceftaroline fosamil, vancomycin and daptomycin in a murine model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia","volume":"62","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10010147","article-title":"High frequency of the EMRSA-15 clone (ST22-MRSA-IV) in hospital wastewater","volume":"10","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac364","article-title":"Persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: resetting the clock for optimal management","volume":"75","author":"Holland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3437","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00317-09","article-title":"Inoculum effect with cefazolin among clinical isolates of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus: frequency and possible cause of cefazolin treatment failure","volume":"53","author":"Nannini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4276","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00856-13","article-title":"In vivo effects of cefazolin, daptomycin, and nafcillin in experimental endocarditis with a methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus strain showing an inoculum effect against cefazolin","volume":"57","author":"Nannini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B27","volume-title":"Invanz (ertapenem) package insert","author":"US Food and Drug Administration","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B28","volume-title":"Merrem (meropenem) package insert","author":"US Food and Drug Administration","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0136605","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136605","article-title":"Beta-lactamase repressor BlaI modulates Staphylococcus aureus cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide resistance and virulence","volume":"10","author":"Pence","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.27","article-title":"Leukocidins: staphylococcal bi-component pore-forming toxins find their receptors","volume":"15","author":"Spaan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004870","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004870","article-title":"Sigma factor SigB is crucial to mediate Staphylococcus aureus adaptation during chronic infections","volume":"11","author":"Tuchscherr","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00364-10","article-title":"Essential role for the major autolysin in the fibronectin-binding protein-mediated Staphylococcus aureus biofilm phenotype","volume":"79","author":"Houston","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2478(92)90124-7","article-title":"Cleavage of human immunoglobulins by serine proteinase from Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"31","author":"Prokesov\u00e1","year":"1992","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7316","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00734-07","article-title":"Characterization of IsaA and SceD, two putative lytic transglycosylases of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"189","author":"Stapleton","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.4.2273-2280.2005","article-title":"Role of SraP, a serine-rich surface protein of Staphylococcus aureus, in binding to human platelets","volume":"73","author":"Siboo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6188","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00300-08","article-title":"Characterization of the accessory sec system of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"190","author":"Siboo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8405","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.13.8405","article-title":"Inactivation of the dlt operon in Staphylococcus aureus confers sensitivity to defensins, protegrins, and other antimicrobial peptides","volume":"274","author":"Peschel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.9.1067","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus resistance to human defensins and evasion of neutrophil killing via the novel virulence factor MprF is based on modification of membrane lipids with l-lysine","volume":"193","author":"Peschel","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B39","first-page":"11","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptide resistance mechanisms of human bacterial pathogens","volume":"8","author":"Nizet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Issues Mol Biol"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8033","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.12.8033-8038.2005","article-title":"DltABCD- and MprF-mediated cell envelope modifications of Staphylococcus aureus confer resistance to platelet microbicidal proteins and contribute to virulence in a rabbit endocarditis model","volume":"73","author":"Weidenmaier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.06.018","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia among patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis: trends in clinical characteristics and outcomes","volume":"79","author":"Sinclair","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1086\/508210","article-title":"Regulation of Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin gene (hla) expression by agr, sarA, and sae in vitro and in experimental infective endocarditis","volume":"194","author":"Xiong","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2020.02.005","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections: pathogenesis and regulatory mechanisms","volume":"53","author":"Kwiecinski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabd6737","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abd6737","article-title":"Repurposed drugs block toxin-driven platelet clearance by the hepatic Ashwell-Morell receptor to clear Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia","volume":"13","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15070417","article-title":"Machine learning with alpha toxin phenotype to predict clinical outcome in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection","volume":"15","author":"Beadell","year":"2023","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08046-w","article-title":"Prognostic significance of early platelet dynamics in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia","volume":"23","author":"Douglas-Louis","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026032804000540300_jiaf010-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032816","article-title":"LL-37 triggers antimicrobial activity in human platelets","volume":"24","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Pe\u00f1a","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf010\/61382098\/jiaf010.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/232\/1\/181\/61382098\/jiaf010.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/232\/1\/181\/61382098\/jiaf010.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T08:00:17Z","timestamp":1774684817000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/232\/1\/181\/7945740"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]]}}}