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Current therapies often encounter limited efficacy and treatment failure, demanding a deeper understanding of immunopathogenesis and predictive markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We explored the immunological determinants influencing therapy response in human cutaneous leishmaniasis, focusing on the intricate host\u2013parasite immune interactions. We evaluated blood and lesions from the same individuals before therapeutic intervention and followed the patients for 60 days to determine treatment efficacy. We employed multiparameter flow cytometry methods for peripheral blood analysis of soluble factors and T-cell subpopulations, and RNA sequencing for analysis of lesion biopsies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our investigation identified a combined set of circulating soluble factors as promising noninvasive predictive markers for treatment outcomes. Additionally, we reveal an association between circulating CD8+ mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells with increased lesion pathology, and a gene signature in lesions associated with CD8+ MAIT cells in refractory patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the potential for tailored interventions and novel immunomodulatory strategies to enhance treatment efficacy and address challenges in unresponsive cases of this debilitating disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T07:16:57Z","timestamp":1738394217000},"page":"236-246","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Circulating Soluble Factors and T-Cell Subsets as Immunological Predictors of Therapy Response in Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"232","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4759-6679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda B","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Immuno-oncology Laboratory, Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8877-5887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katia L P","family":"Morais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Immuno-oncology Laboratory, Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israel T","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorhenn B L","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Immuno-oncology Laboratory, Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaqueline R","family":"Buttura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center"},{"name":"Department of Genomics, Fleury Group , S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruna D F","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia S","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6674-1456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavio","family":"Pignataro-Oshiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Research Center, A. C. Camargo Cancer Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7821-6499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samara M M","family":"Shimon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Immuno-oncology Laboratory, Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2814-5183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Teixeira-Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz Minas , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edgar","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais"},{"name":"Instituto Gon\u00e7alo Moniz, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz , Salvador, Bahia ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Imunologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenefer M","family":"Blackwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia , Nedlands ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge 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