{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:23:19Z","timestamp":1787008999104,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"AMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21fk0108603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21fk0108603"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"AMED","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP24fk0108704"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24fk0108704"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Spontaneous remission once a retroviral infection has been established does not occur and infection persists lifelong.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stored blood samples obtained from simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (STLV-1)-infected Japanese macaque (JM; Macaca fuscata) mothers and their offspring during long-term follow-up as well as periodic health checkups were analyzed for proviral DNA levels, anti-STLV-1 antibody titer, DNA sequence, and viral clonality in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found spontaneous remission after the establishment of retrovirus mother-to-child transmission (MTCT); 3 JM infants were positive for the provirus at 5 and 8 months of age; however, no evidence of persistent STLV-1 infection was found in any of these infants thereafter up to 3 years of age. The viral env sequencing showed the presence of signature nucleotide polymorphisms, which were identical between each mother and infant but not others, suggesting STLV-1 MTCT. STLV-1\u2013infected cells were capable of viral transmission and were composed of a heterogeneous population of clones, which were completely replaced between 5 and 8 months of age, suggesting the possibility of ongoing de novo infection from mother to infant cells. Furthermore, a retrospective study showed that 8 of 38 infants born to STLV-1\u2013infected mothers developed transient infection comparable to the cases above.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings demonstrate for the first time that spontaneous remission can occur after the establishment of retroviral MTCT. Our results unveil the unique dynamics of retroviral infection during MTCT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T13:00:21Z","timestamp":1738674021000},"page":"203-211","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identification of Natural Remission of Mother-to-Child Retroviral Transmission"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"232","author":[{"given":"Poonam","family":"Grover","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University , Inuyama ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Murata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University , Inuyama 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