{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T11:19:09Z","timestamp":1758280749043,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Consorcio Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red","award":["CB21\/13\/00011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB21\/13\/00011"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI22\/01949"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22\/01949"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The impact of long-acting injectable cabotegravir plus rilpivirine (CAB\/RPV) on rectal human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) RNA dynamics and the factors associated with viral shedding remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This prospective study evaluated HIV-1 RNA dynamics by analyzing sequential paired plasma and rectal fluid samples from virologically suppressed individuals who transitioned from oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) to every-2-month CAB\/RPV (preceded or not by oral lead-in), over a 9-month follow-up period. RPV trough concentrations were measured in 384 rectal samples.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 597 plasma and 561 rectal samples from 90 participants were analyzed. HIV-1 RNA &amp;gt;50 (&amp;gt;1.69 log10) copies\/swab was detected in 14.7% (59\/401) of rectal samples (42.2% of participants) during intramuscular CAB\/RPV, and in 17.5% (28\/160) of rectal samples (29% of participants) during oral ART. Median detectable rectal HIV-1 RNA level during intramuscular ART was 362 (range, 133\u20132216) copies\/swab. The frequency and quantity of rectal shedding did not differ between groups with\/without oral lead-in. No correlation was observed between rectal shedding and detectable plasma HIV-1 RNA. Median rectal RPV concentration was 3.07 (quartile 1\u2013quartile 3, 2.83\u20133.35) log10 ng\/swab, 1.6-fold above the 90% maximum effective concentration (EC90) for rectal tissue, and did not correlate with rectal HIV-1 RNA levels. Rectal shedding was associated with plasma pre-ART HIV-1 RNA &amp;gt;5 log10 in multivariate Cox regression, but was unrelated to established predictors of virological failure with CAB\/RPV.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Rectal HIV-1 shedding is common during bimonthly intramuscular CAB\/RPV treatment and is also observed with oral ART. Shedding was independent of concurrent plasma HIV-1 RNA and rectal RPV concentrations, and was associated with pre-ART viral load.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,5]],"date-time":"2025-03-05T16:45:41Z","timestamp":1741193141000},"page":"e792-e802","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of Switching to Long-Acting Injectable Cabotegravir Plus Rilpivirine on Rectal HIV-1 RNA Shedding and Implications for Transmission Risk"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"231","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9878-2458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar","family":"Masi\u00e1","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche , Elche ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez , San Juan de Alicante ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para el Fomento de la Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria y Biom\u00e9dica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO) , Valencia ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9949-8504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche , Elche ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para el Fomento de la Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria y Biom\u00e9dica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO) , Valencia ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8022-364X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Ledesma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche , Elche ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para el Fomento de la Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria y Biom\u00e9dica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO) , Valencia ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9083-3692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Losada-Echeberr\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research, Development, and Innovation in Health Biotechnology of Elche, Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez , Elche ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6013-4228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nieves","family":"Gonzalo-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Microbiology Service, Hospital General Universitario de Elche , Elche ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0566-0935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Mascarell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche , Elche ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez , San Juan de Alicante ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5217-3726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Garc\u00eda-Abell\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche , Elche ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez , San Juan de Alicante ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para el Fomento de la Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria y Biom\u00e9dica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO) , Valencia ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3379-1086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche , Elche ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para el Fomento de la Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria y Biom\u00e9dica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO) , Valencia ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9212-083X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Bello-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital General Universitario de Elche , Elche ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n para el Fomento de la Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria y Biom\u00e9dica de la Comunitat Valenciana (FISABIO) , Valencia 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