{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T15:33:21Z","timestamp":1782488001321,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741219200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","award":["APP1194085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1194085"]}]},{"name":"Australian National Health and Medical Research Council","award":["APP1174120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1174120"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sepsis is a leading cause of death worldwide. The presence of most chronic conditions and other lifestyle-related risk factors increase sepsis risk. Whether there are sex differences in risk factors associated with sepsis hospitalization is unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A prospective cohort study included participants aged 40\u201369 years recruited to the UK Biobank between 2006 and 2010. Sepsis was identified from hospitalization records. Poisson regression was used to estimate sex-specific incidence. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and the women-to-men ratio of HRs (RHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk factors associated with an incident sepsis hospitalization.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Of 490 783 participants, 21 468 (47.6% women) experienced an incident sepsis hospitalization. Age-standardized risk was higher in men than in women (40.2 vs 31.2 per 10 000 person-years; HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.23\u20131.29]). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) conferred the highest risk for sepsis hospitalization, with excess risk in women (RHR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.10\u20131.38]). Dyslipidemia (RHR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.02\u20131.16]), myocardial infarction (1.22 [1.05\u20131.41]), and smoking (1.19 [1.09\u20131.29]) were associated with excess risk of sepsis hospitalization in women, compared with men. Dementia was associated with more than twice the risk of sepsis hospitalization in men (HR, 2.21 [95% CI, 1.37\u20133.55]).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The risk of sepsis hospitalization was higher in the presence of most risk factors, with greater effects in women with a history of COPD, dyslipidemia, myocardial infarction, and smoking. Incorporating sex-specific risk factors in risk prediction modeling may facilitate targeted prevention efforts and support earlier recognition and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T20:29:52Z","timestamp":1741292992000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sex Differences in Risk Factors for Incident Sepsis Hospitalizations: A Prospective Cohort Study Using the UK Biobank"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7364-8316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary K K","family":"Low","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District , Allied Health, Research and Strategic Partnerships Directorate, Kingswood, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney , Camperdown, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2444-2869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9800-5296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The George Institute for Global Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London , London ,","place":["United 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