{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T12:24:46Z","timestamp":1781785486155,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004397","name":"Thailand Ministry of Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U01GH002084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U01GH002084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004397","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"US Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTH","award":["16FED1612328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16FED1612328"]}]},{"name":"US Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTH","award":["17FED1712076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17FED1712076"]}]},{"name":"US Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTH","award":["18FED1812054IPD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18FED1812054IPD"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008769","name":"Abt Associates","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSD2002013M53890B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSD2002013M53890B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We estimated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) illness incidences among pregnant women and examined the association between antenatal RSV illness and preterm birth and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Pregnant women aged \u226518 years were contacted twice weekly until the end of pregnancy to identify illness episodes with \u22651 of the following: myalgia, cough, runny nose\/nasal congestion, sore throat, or difficulty breathing. Midturbinate nasal swabs were collected and tested for RSV and hMPV by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Incidences were calculated. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) comparing participants with and without RSV illnesses for preterm birth (live birth before 37 weeks\u2019 gestation) and SGA infant.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among 2764 participants, the median age was 29 years (IQR, 24\u201334), and the median enrollment gestational age was 10 weeks (IQR, 7\u201314). Overall, 71 (3%) and 29 (1%) cases of RSV and hMPV illnesses were identified, respectively. Among these, 30 (42%) and 10 (34%) participants sought medical care. Incidence rates per 10 000 pregnant woman\u2013months were 57 (95% CI, 44\u201372) for RSV illnesses and 23 (95% CI, 16\u201333) for hMPV illnesses. Antenatal RSV illness in the third trimester conferred an increased risk of preterm birth (adjusted HR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.04\u20136.00) but not SGA infant (adjusted HR, 0.79; 95% CI, .29\u20132.16).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antenatal RSV illness was associated with some adverse antenatal outcomes. Pregnant women had a 0.4%\u20130.7% risk of RSV illness per pregnancy month, of which one-third resulted in medical visits.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T02:38:12Z","timestamp":1743647892000},"page":"e651-e655","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antenatal Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus Illness Rates Among Pregnant Women in Thailand and the Association Between Antenatal Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Perinatal Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"232","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2295-4388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanitchaya","family":"Kittikraisak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Program, Thailand Ministry of Public Health\u2013US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration , Nonthaburi ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarita","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chonticha","family":"Klungthong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6889-6462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis","family":"Macareo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boonsong","family":"Rawangban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Nopparat Rajathanee Hospital, Bangkok ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krissada","family":"Tomyabatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Nopparat Rajathanee Hospital, Bangkok ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nattinee","family":"Srisantiroj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6092-9071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Podjanee","family":"Phadungkiatwatana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Rajavithi Hospital, Bangkok ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tawee","family":"Chotpitayasunondh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health , Bangkok ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wiboon","family":"Kanjanapattanakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Unit, Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health , Bangkok ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua A","family":"Mott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Program, Thailand Ministry of Public Health\u2013US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration , Nonthaburi ,","place":["Thailand"]},{"name":"Influenza Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia"},{"name":"US Public Health Service , Rockville, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatimah S","family":"Dawood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Influenza Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101515130302400_jiaf165-B1","author":"Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"2025101515130302400_jiaf165-B2","first-page":"1029","article-title":"FDA approves maternal RSV vaccine","volume":"330","author":"Harris","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025101515130302400_jiaf165-B3","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists"},{"key":"2025101515130302400_jiaf165-B4","author":"European Medicines Agency"},{"key":"2025101515130302400_jiaf165-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad449","article-title":"Burden of respiratory syncytial 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INTERGROWTH-21st project","volume":"384","author":"Villar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025101515130302400_jiaf165-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1658","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix1088","article-title":"Burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in South African human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2013infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant and postpartum women: a longitudinal cohort study","volume":"66","author":"Madhi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025101515130302400_jiaf165-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa490","article-title":"The impact of maternal human immunodeficiency virus infection on the burden of respiratory syncytial virus among pregnant women and their infants, western Kenya","volume":"225","author":"Nyawanda","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect 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