{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:06:39Z","timestamp":1790694399949,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011593","name":"ICES","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100025092","name":"Ontario Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100025092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100025090","name":"Ontario Ministry of Long-Term Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100025090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chair","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CRC-2021-00104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC-2021-00104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mitigation measures resulted in widespread disruptions to respiratory viruses. The objective of this study was to compare observed and expected pediatric viral acute respiratory infection (ARI)-related hospitalizations, and the characteristics of admitted children, postpandemic.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Total and virus-specific ARI-related hospitalization rates were determined using a population-based cohort of youth &amp;lt;18 years in Ontario, Canada between July 2017 and June 2024. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were identified from linked administrative data. Expected weekly postpandemic age- and sex-specific admission rates were estimated using Poisson regression; adjusted rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This cohort included approximately 2.7 million youth per year. There was a sharp reduction in ARIs in 2020\/2021, followed by a moderate return in 2021\/2022; influenza remained mostly absent (n = 168). An out of season persistence and overwhelming ARI burden occurred in 2022\/2023, particularly for RSV (n = 4701 admissions vs 1969\u20132357 prepandemic) and human metapneumovirus (n = 377 vs 93\u2013127). Overall, more older children (mean age, 38.9\u201342.8 vs 37.2\u201337.9 months prepandemic) and fewer males were admitted postpandemic; males were the only group with lower than expected 2022\/2023 admissions (RR, 0.63; 95% CI, .57\u2013.70 for all ARIs). COVID-19\u2013related admissions contributed minimally to ARI-related hospitalizations overall, particularly among &amp;lt;5 year olds. Prepandemic seasonality appears to nearly have resumed in 2023\/2024.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Postpandemic disruptions in multiple ARIs substantially influenced the intensity, timing, and characteristics of children seeking health care. Although 2023\/2024 was more typical, it is not yet clear when\u2014or if\u2014prepandemic ARI seasonality will resume.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Lay Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Substantial, unprecedented changes in several common childhood respiratory viruses occurred in each season following the COVID-19 pandemic, drastically impacting the timing and magnitude of demands placed upon the pediatric health care system, as well as the characteristics of children seeking care.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T07:33:30Z","timestamp":1745220810000},"page":"e137-e149","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pediatric Acute Respiratory Virus Hospitalizations: A Population-Based Cohort Study, 2017\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"232","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2767-6476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiffany","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Ontario , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Centre for Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"ICES , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5286-8974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah A","family":"Buchan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Ontario , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Centre for Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"ICES , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0487-5835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjay","family":"Mahant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longdi","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey C","family":"Kwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Ontario , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Centre for Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"ICES , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2951-1360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Therese A","family":"Stukel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICES , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Guttmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"ICES , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Edwin S.H. Leong Centre for Healthy Children, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-023-05210-x","article-title":"Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pediatric infectious disease landscape","volume":"183","author":"Shmueli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B2","first-page":"195","article-title":"The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on community respiratory virus activity","volume":"21","author":"Chow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2416077","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.16077","article-title":"Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations, 2017\u20132023","volume":"7","author":"Fitzpatrick","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2416852","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.16852","article-title":"Pediatric respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations and respiratory support after the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"7","author":"Winthrop","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B5","article-title":"Children's hospitals grapple with a nationwide surge in RSV infections","author":"Romo","year":"2022","journal-title":"National Public Radio,"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B6","author":"Thomson"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0244746","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244746","article-title":"Validating international classification of disease 10th revision algorithms for identifying influenza and respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations","volume":"16","author":"Hamilton","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0150416","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150416","article-title":"Incidence of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection amongst children in Ontario, Canada: a population-based study using validated health administrative data","volume":"11","author":"Pisesky","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E790","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20220152","article-title":"Validity of diagnoses of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Canadian administrative health data: a multiprovince, population-based cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Lix","year":"2023","journal-title":"CMAJ Open"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B10","author":"ICES"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1586\/14737167.6.3.285","article-title":"Study design to determine the effects of widespread restrictions on hospital utilization to control an outbreak of SARS in Toronto, Canada","volume":"6","author":"Schull","year":"2006","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2220553","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.20553","article-title":"Changes in hospital-based care seeking for acute mental health concerns among children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada, through September 2021","volume":"5","author":"Saunders","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B13","first-page":"e216298","article-title":"Utilization of physician-based mental health care services among children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada","volume":"176","author":"Saunders","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Peds"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.102089","article-title":"Why has the epidemiology of RSV changed during the COVID-19 pandemic?","volume":"61","author":"Abu-Raya","year":"2023","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26053","article-title":"How did respiratory syncytial virus and other pediatric respiratory viruses change during the COVID-19 pandemic?","volume":"57","author":"Kahanowitch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004260","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus and influenza during the COVID-19 pandemic: a two-center experience","volume":"43","author":"Kurz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-024-04645-x","article-title":"Evaluation of disease severity and prediction of severe cases in children hospitalized with influenza A (H1N1) infection during the post-COVID-19 era: a multicenter retrospective study","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2884","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30485-3","article-title":"Off-season RSV epidemics in Australia after easing of COVID-19 restrictions","volume":"13","author":"Eden","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piab065","article-title":"Resurgence of respiratory syncytial virus infection during an atypical season in Japan","volume":"10","author":"Ohnishi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2216153","article-title":"Viral lineages in the 2022 RSV surge in the United States","volume":"388","author":"Adams","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae069","article-title":"Resurgence of respiratory syncytial virus in the summer of 2021 in Denmark\u2014a large out-of-season epidemic affecting older children","volume":"11","author":"Lomholt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae601","article-title":"Burden of illness associated with respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, and coronavirus disease 2019 in infants and young children in Ontario, Canada, 2018\u20132023: a population-based Canadian immunization research network study","volume":"11","author":"Jorgensen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B23","first-page":"e03423","article-title":"The epidemiology of pediatric outpatient acute respiratory tract infections in the US: a multi-facility analysis of multiplex PCR testing from 2018 to 2023","volume":"12","author":"Timbrook","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-024-04566-9","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and subsequent relaxation on the prevalence of respiratory virus hospitalizations in children","volume":"24","author":"Abushahin","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.107052","article-title":"Global analysis of respiratory viral circulation and timing of epidemics in the pre\u2013COVID-19 and COVID-19 pandemic eras, based on data from the Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS)","volume":"144","author":"Del Riccio","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004314","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis before and after COVID-19 pandemic: has the immunity debt been paid off?","volume":"43","author":"Nenna","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12995","article-title":"Changes in virus detection in hospitalized children before and after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic","volume":"16","author":"Kume","year":"2022","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13065","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13065","article-title":"Seasonal respiratory virus circulation was diminished during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"17","author":"Heiskanen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4696","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27896","article-title":"The changing pattern of common respiratory and enteric viruses among outpatient children in Shanghai, China: two years of the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"94","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40792","DOI":"10.2196\/40792","article-title":"The changing landscape of respiratory viruses contributing to hospitalizations in Quebec, Canada: results from an active hospital-based surveillance study","volume":"10","author":"Gilca","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000003982","article-title":"Changing patterns of infectious diseases among hospitalized children in Hokkaido, Japan, in the post-COVID-19 era, July 2019 to June 2022","volume":"42","author":"Fukuda","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26327","article-title":"Effect of lockdowns on the epidemiology of pediatric respiratory disease\u2014a retrospective analysis of the 2021 summer epidemic","volume":"58","author":"Kruizinga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e340","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00386-X","article-title":"Wastewater concentrations of human influenza, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and seasonal coronavirus nucleic-acids during the COVID-19 pandemic: a surveillance study","volume":"4","author":"Boehm","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-024-00213-9","article-title":"Dynamic patterns and predominance of respiratory pathogens post-COVID-19: insights from a two-year analysis","volume":"14","author":"AlBahrani","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107879","article-title":"Recent trends in hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus after the COVID-19 pandemic and before routine immunization: seasonality and severity updates from the 2023\/2024 season in Tuscany, Italy","volume":"154","author":"Lastrucci","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B36","first-page":"101024","article-title":"Hospitalizations for all-cause pediatric acute respiratory diseases in Alberta, Canada, before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a population-level retrospective cohort study from 2010 to 2024","volume":"44","author":"Lukac","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Am"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-025-02494-z","article-title":"Persistently high burden of acute respiratory infections requiring hospitalization in German pediatric hospitals, fall\/winter 2023\u20132024","volume":"53","author":"Dre\u00dfen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200937","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.1.2200937","article-title":"Early and intense epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Denmark, August to December 2022","volume":"28","author":"Munkstrup","year":"2023","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B39","first-page":"100582","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus epidemiology and clinical severity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in British Columbia, Canada: a retrospective observational study","volume":"25","author":"Vi\u00f1eta Paramo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Am"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae140","article-title":"Increased pediatric respiratory syncytial virus case counts following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 can be attributed to changes in testing","volume":"78","author":"Petros","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B41","volume-title":"Dissertation: using laboratory-confirmed outcomes to study pediatric influenza and influenza vaccine epidemiology in Ontario","author":"Buchan","year":"2018"},{"key":"2025073007431472000_jiaf212-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002453","DOI":"10.1136\/fmch-2023-002453","article-title":"Time trend and seasonality in medically attended respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in US children aged 0\u20135 years, January 2010\u2013January 2023","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Fam Med Community Health"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf212\/63012035\/jiaf212.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/232\/1\/e137\/63012035\/jiaf212.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/232\/1\/e137\/63012035\/jiaf212.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T11:43:22Z","timestamp":1753875802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/232\/1\/e137\/8120160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf212","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]}}}