{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T03:33:26Z","timestamp":1791776006361,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SCHN 1150\/6-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SCHN 1150\/6-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading global cause of death, with approximately 1.3 million fatalities annually. While males are more susceptible to TB, the underlying immune differences and their impact on vaccine efficacy are not fully understood. In this study, we vaccinated male and female C57BL\/6 mice with BCG and 2 recombinant derivatives, VPM1002 and BCG\u0394BCG1419c, and assessed their protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) HN878. While all 3 vaccines showed comparable efficacy in females, BCG did not protect males from Mtb-induced death. Instead, recombinant vaccines provided improved protection in males. Vaccination of males with BCG\u0394BCG1419c, but not BCG, enhanced CD8 T-cell and B-cell recall responses in vaccine-draining lymph nodes, and reduced lung inflammation after Mtb challenge. These findings underscore the impact of sex differences on vaccine efficacy and suggest that future research should consider sex as a biological variable to optimize TB vaccination strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T07:52:44Z","timestamp":1749023564000},"page":"1187-1197","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Sex Differences in Vaccine-Induced Immunity and Protection Against\n                    <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"232","author":[{"given":"Gishnu","family":"Harikumar Parvathy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Host Determinants in Lung Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center , Borstel ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9179-4270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Hertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Host Determinants in Lung Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center , Borstel ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhananjay","family":"Bhandiwad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Scalable Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence , Institute for Applied Informatics, Leipzig ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Nature-Inspired Machine Intelligence, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden , Dresden ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Eggers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Host Determinants in Lung Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center , Borstel ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"von Borstel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Host Determinants in Lung Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center , Borstel ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0648-8911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jochen","family":"Behrends","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facility Fluorescence Cytometry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center , Borstel ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Hein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facility Fluorescence Cytometry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center , Borstel ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2997-3693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viola","family":"Dreyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center , Borstel ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems , Borstel ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaqueline","family":"Marschner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Host Determinants in Lung Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center , Borstel ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zane","family":"Orinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology and Cell Biology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center , Borstel ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research , Gro\u00dfhansdorf ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Niemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center , Borstel ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems , Borstel ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan H E","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emeritus Director, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Emeritus Group Leader, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1621-560X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torsten","family":"Goldmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research , Gro\u00dfhansdorf ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Histology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center , Borstel ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Lotter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Parasitology and Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4125-1370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario Alberto","family":"Flores-Valdez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco , Guadalajara, Jalisco ,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5815-5214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca E","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Host Determinants in Lung Infections, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center , Borstel ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112208020922900_jiaf277-B1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2023","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025112208020922900_jiaf277-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-018-0725-6","article-title":"Sex differences in tuberculosis","volume":"41","author":"Hertz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin 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