{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T06:52:52Z","timestamp":1777099972475,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022K1A4A8A02077396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022K1A4A8A02077396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00223245"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00223245"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 2022 dengue outbreak in Karachi, Pakistan, posed a severe threat to the region, yet no study has investigated the origins of the causal strain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to trace the origins and transmission route of the dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) strain responsible for the 2022 epidemic through genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. We successfully sequenced 135 complete DENV-1 genomes from clinical samples using long-read amplicon sequencing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The DENV-1 genotype III strain circulating in Pakistan likely originated from Southeast Asia, with potential connections to China-Singapore strains. Mutation comparisons using reconstructed ancestral sequences indicated that the Pakistan clade shared characteristic nonsynonymous mutations with the 2014\u20132015 China epidemic strains, indicating the potential origin of the currently circulating DENV-1 strain. Considering the temporal gap between the China and Pakistan epidemics, there is likely a \u201cmissing link\u201d in the transmission route.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To our knowledge, our findings provide critical insights into the genetic diversity and transmission patterns of DENV-1 in Pakistan and underscore the need for enhanced genomic surveillance and international collaboration to control the spread and predict outbreaks of DENV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T07:48:40Z","timestamp":1748418520000},"page":"1330-1337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tracing the Origin of the 2022 Dengue Virus Epidemic in Karachi, Pakistan, Through Genome Analyses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"232","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4575-0901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeeyou","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minkyu","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Biometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science , Daejeon ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University , Daejeon ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donghoon","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4982-2262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zohaib Ul","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Biometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science , Daejeon ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Bio-Analysis Science, University of Science & Technology , Daejeon ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ibrar","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Biometrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science , Daejeon ,","place":["Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Alpha Genomics Private Limited , Islamabad ,","place":["Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nazish","family":"Badar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Laboratories Division, National Institute of Health , Islamabad ,","place":["Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Saeed","family":"Quraishy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dow University of Health Sciences , Karachi ,","place":["Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salman Ahmed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine, Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences , Karachi ,","place":["Pakistan"]},{"name":"DOW-DOGANA Advanced Molecular Genetics and Genomics Disease Research and Treatment Center, Dow University of Health Sciences , Karachi ,","place":["Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4300-4672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Misbah","family":"Anwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DOW-DOGANA Advanced Molecular Genetics and Genomics Disease Research and Treatment Center, Dow University of Health Sciences , Karachi ,","place":["Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0175-8879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nur A","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EzBiome, Inc , Gaithersburg, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-gyung","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomaterials, Korea University , Seoul ,","place":["Republic of 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