{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:36:00Z","timestamp":1793414160570,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"primary RCT study"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023280","name":"Seqirus","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023280","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are few in-depth immunogenicity analyses of novel influenza vaccination strategies in high-risk patients with hematological malignancy (HM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants receiving treatment for active HM (multiple myeloma [MM], chronic lymphocytic leukemia [CLL], or non-Hodgkin lymphoma [NHL]) in a randomized controlled trial of 2 doses of adjuvanted quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV) versus 2 doses of standard-dose QIV during 2022 were included. Hemagglutination (HA) inhibition assay and HA probe\u2013specific B-cells were compared at baseline and 1, 2, and 6 months after the first vaccine dose (visits 1\u20134). A subset underwent ex vivo live virus infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells at visits 1 and 3 with A\/H1N1 and A\/H3N2 to assess interferon (IFN) \u03b3\u2013producing CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, natural killer cells, CD161+TRAV1-2+ mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT)\u2013like T cells and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 62 patients with HM were analyzed (32 in the adjuvanted-dose and 30 in the standard-dose group), 13 (21.0%) with CLL, 24 (38.7%) MM, and 25 (40.3%) with NHL. Participants with MM had higher geometric mean antibody titers (P &amp;lt; .001) and influenza-specific B-cell responses for H1, H3, and B\/Victoria at visits 2 and 3 than those with CLL or NHL (P &amp;lt; .05). The total CD19+ B-cell and HA probe\u2013specific B-cell counts were found to significantly predict seroconversion at visits 2 and 3. Overall, with vaccination, there was an increase in the percentage frequency of B\/Victoria influenza\u2013specific B-cells (P = .01), IFN-\u03b3\u2013producing CD4+ T cells (P = .01) for A\/H1N1 and IFN-\u03b3\u2013producing MAIT-like cells (P = .003) for A\/H3N2.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Influenza strain\u2013specific cellular responses were detectable following vaccination despite expected B-cell depletion in patients receiving active treatment for HM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12622000454774.<\/jats:p>\n                  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