{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T10:27:01Z","timestamp":1789900021187,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752710400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy of Austria"},{"name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership 2 programme"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A12\/B-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A12\/B-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009139","name":"German Center for Infection Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TI 07.001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TI 07.001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research","award":["031L0286B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["031L0286B"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Loiasis, caused by the filarial nematode Loa loa, imposes a significant disease burden in endemic regions in West and Central Africa. Manifestations include adult worms in soft tissue (e.g., the conjunctiva of the eye) and microfilaria in peripheral blood, with clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic infections to life-threatening organ involvement. Diagnosis remains challenging due to variable microfilaria counts, frequent amicrofilaremic occult infections, and unreliable serological tests. The untargeted plasma proteome reflects broad (patho-)physiological responses, providing valuable insights into the host and disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Applying high-throughput plasma proteomics, we investigated the host responses of 274 patients with different L. loa disease states, including occult loiasis (n = 148), microfilaremia (n = 42), or both (n = 84), compared to 136 L. loa\u2013negative controls. Differentially abundant proteins between L. loa\u2013infected individuals and negative controls were validated using targeted proteomics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Five proteins (IGHG3, IGHG4, ACTBL2, LCP1, and IGLV9-49) were elevated in infected individuals compared to healthy controls. IGHG3, IGHG4, ACTB, and LCP1 increased from L. loa negative over individuals with history of eye worm migration to microfilaremic patients, indicating a comparatively pronounced proteomic host response to microfilaria in the blood. Sixty-three proteins differed depending on self-reported symptoms. The proteomic signatures enabled accurate classification of individuals with occult loiasis (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] = 0.73) and microfilaremia (AUROC = 0.84) by a random forest machine learning model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, infection with Loa loa alters the host plasma proteome, exhibiting distinct host responses in different infection states and allowing for molecular disease classification of this highly neglected parasitic disease.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T07:57:25Z","timestamp":1750838245000},"page":"e383-e392","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Plasma Proteomics Reveals Distinct Signatures in Occult and Microfilaremic <i>Loa loa<\/i> Infections"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"232","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4560-8939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clemens","family":"Dierks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9148-3663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinkus","family":"Tober-Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6136-8170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luzia","family":"Veletzky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Centre de Recherches M\u00e9dicales de Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 , Lambar\u00e9n\u00e9 ,","place":["Gabon"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4121-4799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5527-2626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boris","family":"Z\u00fchlke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Ludwig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Facility High Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin , Berlin 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