{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:38:48Z","timestamp":1792067928563,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"USF Provost\u2019s CREATE"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One of the most successful and widely-distributed hospital-associated lineages of MRSA is clonal complex 5 (CC5). These strains are known for widespread antibiotic resistance but less severe disease than CA-MRSA counterparts. Recently, CC5 descendant lineages have appeared globally with hypervirulent properties. Herein, we identify and characterize a rare and novel CC5 MRSA sequence type, ST3390.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used whole genome sequencing, alongside phenotypic characterizations, genetic complementation, blood viability- and neutrophil-killing assays, and a murine model of sepsis to study the pathogenic capabilities of ST3390 strains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To date, there have only been 65 recorded instances of infection caused by ST3390 globally, with 36 of those occurring in Tampa (TPA-ST3390). Genomic analysis of strains identified numerous spa-types, with a t010 cluster found only in our strains. Exploration of AMR genes detected the presence of unique hybrid SCCmec types, with \u223c90% of Tampa strains possessing components of SCCmecIa, SCCmecIIa, and\/or SCCmecVIII. Phenotypically, all ST3390 strains lack the staphyloxanthin pigment, which is mediated by a conserved 6aa in frame deletion within the staphyloxanthin biosynthesis protein CrtN. TPA-ST3390 strains display high levels of cytotoxicity towards human neutrophils compared with other CC5 lineages and are also virulent in animal models of infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study to characterize the pathogenicity and genomic architecture of the rare MRSA lineage ST3390. Our work provides a deeper understanding of the clonal expansion of CC5, and the wider diversification of Staphylococcus aureus isolates within patient populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T11:40:36Z","timestamp":1753962036000},"page":"27-37","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Emergence of ST3390: A Novel Apigmented MRSA Clone From the CC5 Lineage"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Emily A","family":"Felton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Antimicrobial Resistance, University of South Florida , Tampa, Florida 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,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amorce","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Esoteric Testing\/R&D Laboratory, Tampa General Hospital , Tampa, Florida ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deanna","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Esoteric Testing\/R&D Laboratory, Tampa General Hospital , Tampa, Florida ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzane","family":"Silbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Esoteric Testing\/R&D Laboratory, Tampa General Hospital , Tampa, Florida ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8611-5241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taj","family":"Azarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida , 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