{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T06:38:08Z","timestamp":1775543888802,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI144180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI144180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI097312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI097312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["214374\/A\/18\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["214374\/A\/18\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006510","name":"Duke University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UC6-AI058607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UC6-AI058607"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006510","name":"Duke University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G20-AI167200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G20-AI167200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006510","name":"Duke University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UC7-AI180254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UC7-AI180254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Identification of immune correlates in murine gonorrhea models has been hampered by study-dependent differences in vaccine antigens and administration routes. We previously showed that detergent-detoxified outer membrane vesicles (dOMVs) isolated from a PorA-, PorB-, and RmpM-deficient meningococcal strain (\u0394ABR) elicit antibodies that cross-react with Neisseria gonorrhoeae and enhance gonococcal clearance in a mouse model of lower reproductive tract infection. In this study, we investigated whether (1) \u0394ABR dOMVs can protect mice from ascending gonococcal infection and (2) vaccination route influences immune responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mice were vaccinated subcutaneously (SC) or intraperitoneally (IP) and then vaginally inoculated with gonococci. Bioburden of mice was measured and assessed relative to \u0394ABR dOMV-induced cellular and humoral immune responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subcutaneous and intraperitoneal vaccination accelerated gonococcal clearance from the lower and upper reproductive tract at similar rates. Probing of gonococcal protein microarrays with immune sera from the 2 groups identified multiple vaccine targets that were commonly immunogenic. Despite comparable clearance patterns in vaccinated mice, differences in immune induction were observed that were dependent on administration route. SC immunized mice demonstrated a neutrophil influx that correlated with decreased vaginal bioburden; higher serum bactericidal activity against nonsialylated gonococci was also noted. In contrast, IP immunization induced higher serum and vaginal IgA levels, serum bactericidal activity against sialylated gonococci, and antigonococcal opsonophagocytic killing activity of neutrophils.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This work demonstrates that \u0394ABR dOMVs protect against ascending gonococcal infection and that cellular and functional antibody responses to the same candidate vaccine may vary depending on immunization route.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T11:55:44Z","timestamp":1757505344000},"page":"e765-e777","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of Immunization Route in Induction of Vaccine-Mediated Anti-Gonococcal Immune Responses in a Murine Model of Ascending Infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"232","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6578-1130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn A","family":"Matthias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristie L","family":"Connolly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5118-3172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann E","family":"Jerse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ogan K","family":"Kumova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5297-0207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew N","family":"Macintyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary C","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keena S","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7738-3757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison K","family":"Criss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryszard A","family":"Zielke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra E","family":"Sikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University , Beaverton, Oregon ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8215-0843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fidel","family":"Ramirez-Bencomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester , Manchester ,","place":["United 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