{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T06:38:18Z","timestamp":1785825498146,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755907200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a neurotropic member of the Herpesviridae family that causes varicella in primary infection and zoster during reactivation but in rare cases can lead to severe neurological complications, such as encephalitis. To identify inborn errors of immunity and unravel pathways involved in VZV central nervous system (CNS) immune responses and pathogenesis, we performed whole exome sequencing on a cohort of 38 children with neurological manifestations, including VZV encephalitis, cerebellitis, or stroke. We identified a total of 46 rare potentially pathogenic variants predicted to be deleterious, including variants in innate antiviral immunity, inflammation, cell stress responses, and autophagy. Collectively, these findings represent a knowledge base for further functional studies, provide new insights into the genetic landscape of VZV CNS infections, and highlight potential genetic defects that may compromise host defense, enabling new avenues for diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies for VZV CNS infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T11:54:08Z","timestamp":1755777248000},"page":"510-520","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Genetic Landscape of a Cohort of Children With Varicella Zoster Virus Encephalitis, Cerebellitis, and Stroke"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7186-7319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franziska","family":"Winzig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Center for Immunology for Viral Infections, Aarhus University , Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"De Keukeleere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Center for Immunology for Viral Infections, Aarhus University , Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2127-5161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Bartholomeus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Center for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp , Antwerp ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Deconinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Neurology, H\u00f4pital Universitaire de Bruxelles , Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Neurology, H\u00f4pital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola , Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Neurology, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4523-2898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Barrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Li\u00e8ge , Li\u00e8ge ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inge","family":"Matthijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, AZ Delta , Roeselare ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3835-2824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna C","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital , Edegem ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9433-7998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helene","family":"Verhelst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital , Ghent ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Dielman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Ziekenhuis Aan de Stroom , Antwerp ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9834-9328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Kuznetsova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Center for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp , Antwerp ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6262-341X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"My","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Center for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp , Antwerp ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arvid","family":"Suls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp , Antwerp ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7668-2517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renee M","family":"van der Sluis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Center for Immunology for Viral Infections, Aarhus University , Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benson","family":"Ogunjimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Center for Health Economics Research and Modelling Infectious Diseases, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp , Wilrijk ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing, University of Antwerp , Antwerp ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Ziekenhuis Aan de Stroom , Antwerp ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel , Brussels ,","place":["Belgium"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital , Edegem ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1853-9704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trine H","family":"Mogensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University , Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Center for Immunology for Viral Infections, Aarhus University , Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.9.3.361","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus","volume":"9","author":"Arvin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3215","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of varicella zoster virus pathogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Zerboni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15016","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.16","article-title":"Varicella zoster virus infection","volume":"1","author":"Gershon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3390\/v10110609","article-title":"Clinical features of varicella-zoster virus infection","volume":"10","author":"Kennedy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2017.1394843","article-title":"Varicella and herpes zoster vaccine development: lessons learned","volume":"16","author":"Warren-Gash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.07.001","article-title":"Viral encephalitis","volume":"36","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.3390\/v13102018","article-title":"Recent issues in varicella-zoster virus latency","volume":"13","author":"Kennedy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540600617033","article-title":"Aseptic meningitis caused by reactivation of varicella-zoster virus in two immunocompetent patients","volume":"38","author":"Mogensen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu346","article-title":"Fields virology, 6th edition","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e500","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000500","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus CNS vasculitis and RNA polymerase III gene mutation in identical twins","volume":"5","author":"Carter-Timofte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa185","article-title":"Varicella zoster virus encephalitis in Denmark from 2015 to 2019\u2014a nationwide prospective cohort study","volume":"72","author":"Herlin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29690","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29690","article-title":"Varicella zoster virus\u2013induced autophagy in human neuronal and hematopoietic cells exerts antiviral activity","volume":"96","author":"Heinz","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab254","article-title":"Genetic variants and immune responses in a cohort of patients with varicella zoster virus encephalitis","volume":"224","author":"Thomsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae077","article-title":"DOCK2 Deficiency Causes Defects in Antiviral T-Cell Responses and Impaired Control of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection","volume":"230","author":"Randall","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-020-00857-w","article-title":"Determinants of neurological syndromes caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV)","volume":"26","author":"Kennedy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2021.05.004","article-title":"Constitutive and latent immune mechanisms exert \u2018silent\u2019 control of virus infections in the central nervous system","volume":"72","author":"Paludan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.07.043","article-title":"GATA2 deficiency underlying severe blastomycosis and fatal herpes simplex virus\u2013associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis","volume":"137","author":"Spinner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e173066","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.173066","article-title":"An IKBKE variant conferring functional cGAS\/STING pathway deficiency and susceptibility to recurrent HSV-2 meningitis","volume":"8","author":"Reyahi","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1413462","article-title":"Inherited DOCK2 deficiency in patients with early-onset invasive infections","volume":"372","author":"Dobbs","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-014-0126-0","article-title":"DOCK8 deficiency: clinical and immunological phenotype and treatment options\u2014a review of 136 patients","volume":"35","author":"Aydin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2014.09.008","article-title":"Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease: genetic, immunological, and clinical features of inborn errors of IFN-\u03b3 immunity","volume":"26","author":"Bustamante","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2020.01.004","article-title":"Human inborn errors of immunity to herpes viruses","volume":"62","author":"Jouanguy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2018.07.009","article-title":"RNA polymerase III as a gatekeeper to prevent severe VZV infections","volume":"24","author":"Carter-Timofte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3543","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI92280","article-title":"Inborn errors in RNA polymerase III underlie severe varicella zoster virus infections","volume":"127","author":"Ogunjimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1038\/s41435-018-0027-y","article-title":"Mutations in RNA polymerase III genes and defective DNA sensing in adults with varicella-zoster virus CNS infection","volume":"20","author":"Carter-Timofte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253040","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2023.1253040","article-title":"Whole exome sequencing of patients with varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus induced acute retinal necrosis reveals rare disease-associated genetic variants","volume":"16","author":"Heinz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa589","article-title":"Whole-exome sequencing of patients with recurrent HSV-2 lymphocytic Mollaret meningitis","volume":"223","author":"Hait","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-03327-8","article-title":"Analysis of AlphaMissense data in different protein groups and structural context","volume":"11","author":"Tordai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2023.04.002","article-title":"The RNA polymerase III-RIG-I axis in antiviral immunity and inflammation","volume":"44","author":"Naesens","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4379","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.15.4379","article-title":"PACT, a protein activator of the interferon-induced protein kinase, PKR","volume":"17","author":"Patel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Embo J"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6365","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.15691","article-title":"A tale of two proteins: PACT and PKR and their roles in inflammation","volume":"288","author":"Chukwurah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Febs J"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-020-00608-8","article-title":"Cell fate determined by the activation balance between PKR and SPHK1","volume":"28","author":"Qiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.1331","article-title":"Signaling via the NF\u03baB system","volume":"8","author":"Mitchell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabc2691","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abc2691","article-title":"Defects in LC3B2 and ATG4A underlie HSV2 meningitis and reveal a critical role for autophagy in antiviral defense in humans","volume":"5","author":"Hait","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13431","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13431","article-title":"mTORC2: the other mTOR in autophagy regulation","volume":"20","author":"Ballesteros-\u00c1lvarez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2021.07.005","article-title":"Inborn errors of autophagy and infectious diseases","volume":"72","author":"Sabli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.3390\/v13061053","article-title":"The role of autophagy in varicella zoster virus infection","volume":"13","author":"Heinz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2017.1402992","article-title":"Autophagy balances inflammation in innate immunity","volume":"14","author":"Deretic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06639","article-title":"Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion","volume":"451","author":"Mizushima","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-010-0240-x","article-title":"AC3-33, a novel secretory protein, inhibits Elk1 transcriptional activity via ERK pathway","volume":"38","author":"Hao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaav5183","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aav5183","article-title":"Specificity, versatility, and control of TGF-\u03b2 family signaling","volume":"12","author":"Derynck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Signal"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-022-02422-1","article-title":"POLE\/POLD1 mutation and tumor immunotherapy","volume":"41","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-021-01765-x","article-title":"Complement cascade inhibition in geographic atrophy: a review","volume":"36","author":"Desai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2006.12.001","article-title":"HSV-1 ICP34.5 confers neurovirulence by targeting the Beclin 1 autophagy protein","volume":"1","author":"Orvedahl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9143","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00641-08","article-title":"Autophagosome supports coxsackievirus B3 replication in host cells","volume":"82","author":"Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3532","article-title":"Autophagy in infection, inflammation and immunity","volume":"13","author":"Deretic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9640","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179640","article-title":"The roles of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in infectious diseases","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20373","article-title":"ORF61 protein of varicella-zoster virus influences JNK\/SAPK and p38\/MAPK phosphorylation","volume":"76","author":"Rahaus","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01470-06","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus infection of human fibroblast cells activates the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway","volume":"81","author":"Zapata","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2026031710031437500_jiaf448-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00640-17","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00640-17","article-title":"Role of the JNK pathway in varicella-zoster virus lytic infection and reactivation","volume":"91","author":"Kurapati","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Virol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf448\/64114673\/jiaf448.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/233\/3\/510\/64114673\/jiaf448.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/233\/3\/510\/64114673\/jiaf448.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T14:03:22Z","timestamp":1773756202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/233\/3\/510\/8240306"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf448","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]]}}}