{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T10:40:22Z","timestamp":1781865622833,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PREPARE"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001350","name":"Singapore Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001350","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education Reimagine Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJPR22R3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJPR22R3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP223fa627004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP223fa627004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004460","name":"Rotary Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GG2350294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GG2350294"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004460","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Nagasaki University World-leading Innovative & Smart Education"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100027819","name":"WISE","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100027819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"MEXT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP24KJ1827"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24KJ1827"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031003","name":"CDC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"SHEPheRD","award":["200-2016-91781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200-2016-91781"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001475","name":"Nanyang Technological University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001475","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Imperial Research Collaboration Fund","award":["INCF-2023-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INCF-2023-007"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000193","name":"International Development Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Empowering People Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001352","name":"National University of Singapore Start-Up Grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001352","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Utilizing mpox case data from Burundi between August 2024 and April 2025, we calibrated a mathematical model to quantify the temporal trends of clade Ib monkeypox virus transmission. The model outputs indicated a declining overall transmission trend. Children aged 0\u20134 and 5\u20139 years were estimated to be at higher risk of infection compared to older age groups, while sexual contact was inferred to contribute up to 50% of the overall transmission.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T11:39:02Z","timestamp":1757417942000},"page":"e140-e144","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Disentangling Temporal Trends of Clade Ib Monkeypox Virus Transmission in Burundi"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0079-7390","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shihui","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System , Singapore ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki R","family":"Asakura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Dynamics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Dynamics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7219-5981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Murayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare , Narita ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0787-4515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-mok","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System , Singapore ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Carolina Population Centre, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Niyukuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, University of Burundi , Bujumbura ,","place":["Burundi"]},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, University of Burundi , Bujumbura ,","place":["Burundi"]},{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA) and Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), Stellenbosch University , Cape Town ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Nyandwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Public Health , Bujumbura ,","place":["Burundi"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Burundi , Bujumbura ,","place":["Burundi"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliane","family":"Nkengurutse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, University of Burundi , Bujumbura ,","place":["Burundi"]},{"name":"Public Health Emergency Operation Centre , Bujumbura ,","place":["Burundi"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Kamatari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, University of Burundi , Bujumbura ,","place":["Burundi"]},{"name":"Public Health Emergency Operation Centre , Bujumbura ,","place":["Burundi"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2245-0331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jue Tao","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6377-7296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System , Singapore ,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Dynamics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University , Nagasaki ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borame L","family":"Dickens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System , Singapore ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031304542862800_jiaf475-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.3390\/v17040480","article-title":"Clinical predictors and determinants of mpox complications in hospitalized patients: a prospective cohort study from Burundi","volume":"17","author":"Nkengurutse","year":"2025","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2026031304542862800_jiaf475-B2"},{"key":"2026031304542862800_jiaf475-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3001.231164","article-title":"Clade I\u2013associated mpox cases associated with sexual contact, the Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"30","author":"Kibungu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031304542862800_jiaf475-B4"},{"key":"2026031304542862800_jiaf475-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Murayama","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.10.15.24315554"},{"key":"2026031304542862800_jiaf475-B6","first-page":"465","article-title":"Human monkeypox: secondary attack rates","volume":"66","author":"Jezek","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2026031304542862800_jiaf475-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1177\/0141076815605211","article-title":"Lessons from a modern review of the smallpox eradication files","volume":"108","author":"Metzger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"2026031304542862800_jiaf475-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00664-8","article-title":"The global landscape of smallpox vaccination history and implications for current and future orthopoxvirus susceptibility: a modelling study","volume":"23","author":"Taube","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031304542862800_jiaf475-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3010.240665","article-title":"Epidemiologic quantities for monkeypox virus clade I from historical data with implications for current outbreaks, Democratic Republic of the Congo","volume":"30","author":"Marziano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031304542862800_jiaf475-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt133","article-title":"A new framework and software to estimate time-varying reproduction numbers during epidemics","volume":"178","author":"Cori","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026031304542862800_jiaf475-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00152-5","article-title":"Public health priorities for mpox clade Ib in pregnant, breastfeeding, and paediatric populations in DR Congo","volume":"25","author":"Krasemann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026031304542862800_jiaf475-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0170459","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170459","article-title":"Social contact structures and time use patterns in the Manicaland Province of Zimbabwe","volume":"12","author":"Melegaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026031304542862800_jiaf475-B13"},{"key":"2026031304542862800_jiaf475-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400647","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.42.2400647","article-title":"Epidemiological analysis of confirmed mpox cases, Burundi, 3 July to 9 September 2024","volume":"29","author":"Nizigiyimana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"issue":"4)","key":"2026031304542862800_jiaf475-B15","article-title":"Paradoxical disparities in the 2024 MPOX outbreak between two neighboring countries: Rwanda and Burundi","volume":"2","author":"Ojo","journal-title":"Medtigo J Med"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf475\/64235174\/jiaf475.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/233\/1\/e140\/64235174\/jiaf475.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/233\/1\/e140\/64235174\/jiaf475.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T08:56:26Z","timestamp":1773392186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/233\/1\/e140\/8250465"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf475","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]}}}