{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T19:37:38Z","timestamp":1780688258367,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K08HD100205"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K08HD100205"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health Colorado CTSA","award":["UL1 TR002535"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002535"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health Colorado CTSA","award":["UM1 TR004399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UM1 TR004399"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000862","name":"Doris Duke Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016193","name":"University of Colorado School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"NIAID","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI178925"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI178925"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection and a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in HIV-exposed, uninfected (HEU) infants. The mechanisms underlying HEU infants\u2019 increased susceptibility to RSV are unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recruited pregnant women with and without HIV, plus HEU and HIV-unexposed (HUU) children at 12\u201318 months of age and collected peripheral and cord blood. We measured innate immune responses of infants to RSV using an in vitro model of human respiratory infection. These responses were correlated with markers of inflammation in maternal and cord blood. We also incubated HUU cord blood cells in plasma from women living with HIV (WLHIV) to recapitulate the RSV-specific responses in HEU cord blood cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We enrolled 30 WLHIV, 61 HIV-negative women, 19 HEU and 20 HUU children. At birth, HEU infants demonstrated lower expression of IL-12 by dendritic cells (P &amp;lt; .0001) and IFN\u03b3 by natural killer (NK) cells (P = .007); the difference in IL-12 expression persisted to 12\u201318 months of age (P = .015). WLHIV had high concentrations of multiple inflammatory molecules in peripheral blood; these correlated inversely with infant RSV-specific immune responses. Incubation of cord blood cells from HUU infants in maternal plasma from WLHIV significantly lowered RSV-specific NK cytotoxicity and antigen-presenting cell activation compared to incubation in HIV-negative maternal plasma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Maternal inflammation is a likely driver of innate immune dysregulation in HEU infants and predisposes to an increased susceptibility to RSV infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,20]],"date-time":"2025-09-20T11:54:01Z","timestamp":1758369241000},"page":"428-439","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Maternal Inflammation Likely Drives Impaired Immune Responses to Respiratory Syncytial Virus in HIV-Exposed Uninfected Infants"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4611-6477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christiana","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Pathology, University of Colorado , Aurora, Colorado ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9922-2499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaili","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Pathology, University of Colorado , Aurora, Colorado ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrianne","family":"Bonham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Pathology, University of Colorado , Aurora, Colorado ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shea","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Pathology, University of Colorado , Aurora, Colorado ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kacey","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Pathology, University of Colorado , Aurora, Colorado ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado , Aurora, Colorado ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4714-8945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Larrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Denver Health and Hospitals Authority , Denver, Colorado ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9494-439X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith C","family":"Shlay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Institute at Denver Health, Denver Health and Hospital Authority , Denver, Colorado ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado , Aurora, Colorado ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurel L","family":"Lenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado , Aurora, Colorado ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6920-0623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Weinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Pathology, University of Colorado , Aurora, Colorado ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Colorado , Aurora, Colorado ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031710033231200_jiaf493-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354918800466","article-title":"Reconsidering the number of women with HIV infection who give birth annually in the United States","volume":"133","author":"Nesheim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"2026031710033231200_jiaf493-B2","author":"World Health Organisation"},{"key":"2026031710033231200_jiaf493-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2022059604","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-059604","article-title":"Achieving elimination of perinatal HIV in the United 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