{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:23:19Z","timestamp":1787008999122,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30-AI168433"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-AI168433"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23-AI131913"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23-AI131913"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AI176943"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI176943"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1-TR002385"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1-TR002385"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000862","name":"Doris Duke Charitable Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000862","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) who have a history of cured tuberculosis have worse outcomes, including increased all-cause mortality rate and risk of recurrent tuberculosis. We hypothesized that persistent and global immune deficits could contribute to these outcomes in people with a history of tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We completed FLEX Cellular Indexing of Transcriptomes and Epitopes by Sequencing (FLEX-CITE-Seq) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of people living with HIV with (n = 6) or without (n = 3) a history of tuberculosis at GHESKIO Centers in Haiti. We subtyped dendritic cells using flow cytometry and quantitated cytokines on an expanded cohort (n = 29) to confirm FLEX-CITE-Seq findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cell types with significantly differential levels of expression for &amp;gt;40 genes all had overrepresentation of a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2013mediated pathway. In an expanded cohort of 29 people living with HIV, we found a larger percentage of plasmacytoid dendritic cells by flow cytometry and increased plasma interleukin 6, 12p70, 15, and 2, interferon \u03b1, and TNF levels in the tuberculosis history group (n = 18) than in the group with no history of tuberculosis (n = 11).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A proinflammatory milieu and immune cell gene expression changes mediated by TNF persist in people living with HIV even years after tuberculosis is cured. It remains to be determined whether the differences are preexisting risk factors or are established during the natural history of HIV and tuberculosis infections.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T12:01:15Z","timestamp":1758888075000},"page":"e902-e912","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Persistent Increased Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Inflammation in People With HIV Years After Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Maureen","family":"Ward","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Zumbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvetot","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GHESKIO , Port au Prince ,","place":["Haiti"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Apollon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GHESKIO , Port au Prince ,","place":["Haiti"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8006-7752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doron","family":"Betel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Applied Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1765-0598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel W","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean W","family":"Pape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"GHESKIO , Port au Prince ,","place":["Haiti"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7100-2917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn M","family":"Dupnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25721","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25721","article-title":"Long-term mortality after tuberculosis treatment among persons living with HIV in Haiti","volume":"24","author":"Joseph","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000001823","article-title":"Brief report: pulmonary tuberculosis is associated with persistent systemic inflammation and decreased HIV-1 reservoir markers in coinfected Ugandans","volume":"79","author":"Olson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2024.100989","article-title":"All-cause and AIDS-related mortality among people with HIV across Europe from 2001 to 2020: impact of antiretroviral therapy, tuberculosis and regional differences in a multicentre cohort study","volume":"44","author":"Kraef","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200006160-00020","article-title":"Impact of pulmonary tuberculosis on survival of HIV-infected adults: a prospective epidemiologic study in Uganda","volume":"14","author":"Whalen","year":"2000","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-015-0256-x","article-title":"Persistent high mortality in advanced HIV\/TB despite appropriate antiretroviral and antitubercular therapy: an emerging challenge","volume":"12","author":"Bisson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08217-9","article-title":"Survival and predictors of mortality after completion of TB treatment among people living with HIV: a 5-year analytical cohort","volume":"23","author":"Lumu","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828860","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.828860","article-title":"Single-cell sequencing facilitates elucidation of HIV immunopathogenesis: a review of current literature","volume":"13","author":"Zaongo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12182295","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomics of Mtb\/HIV co-infection","volume":"12","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102686","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomics of blood reveals a natural killer cell subset depletion in tuberculosis","volume":"53","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0283922","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02839-22","article-title":"Landscape of exhausted T cells in tuberculosis revealed by single-cell sequencing","volume":"11","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087010","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1087010","article-title":"Single-cell profiling reveals distinct subsets of CD14+ monocytes drive blood immune signatures of active tuberculosis","volume":"13","author":"Hillman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.106231","article-title":"Disseminated tuberculosis is associated with impaired T cell immunity mediated by non-canonical NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"89","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2023.03.020","article-title":"Systemic immune dysregulation in severe tuberculosis patients revealed by a single-cell transcriptome atlas","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellin.2022.100005","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic landscape identifies the expansion of peripheral blood monocytes as an indicator of HIV-1-TB co-infection","volume":"1","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Insight"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57668-y","article-title":"Alveolar macrophages from persons with HIV mount impaired TNF signaling networks to M. tuberculosis infection","volume":"16","author":"Kgoadi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-06010-z","article-title":"CryoSCAPE: scalable immune profiling using cryopreserved whole blood for multi-omic single cell and functional assays","volume":"23","author":"Heubeck","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4380","article-title":"Simultaneous epitope and transcriptome measurement in single cells","volume":"14","author":"Stoeckius","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B18","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.20411\/pai.v9i2.722","article-title":"People living with HIV have more intact HIV DNA in circulating CD4+ T cells if they have history of pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"9","author":"Juste","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathog Immun"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btaa751","article-title":"Systematic determination of the mitochondrial proportion in human and mice tissues for single-cell RNA-sequencing data quality control","volume":"37","author":"Osorio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.73600.1","article-title":"Doublet identification in single-cell sequencing data using scDblFinder","volume":"10","author":"Germain","year":"2021","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.048","article-title":"Integrated analysis of multimodal single-cell data","volume":"184","author":"Hao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0276-y","article-title":"Reference-based analysis of lung single-cell sequencing reveals a transitional profibrotic macrophage","volume":"20","author":"Aran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-632","article-title":"An expression atlas of human primary cells: inference of gene function from coexpression networks","volume":"14","author":"Mabbott","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.031","article-title":"Comprehensive integration of single-cell data","volume":"177","author":"Stuart","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah4573","article-title":"Single-cell RNA-seq reveals new types of human blood dendritic cells, monocytes, and progenitors","volume":"356","author":"Villani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1100066","article-title":"IRF8 mutations and human dendritic-cell immunodeficiency","volume":"365","author":"Hambleton","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0178-z","article-title":"Disruption of an antimycobacterial circuit between dendritic and helper T cells in human SPPL2a deficiency","volume":"19","author":"Kong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.11.112","article-title":"Identification of novel dendritic cell subset markers in human blood","volume":"443","author":"Schutz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B30","author":"Heinig Lab"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6625","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26779-7","article-title":"scPower accelerates and optimizes the design of multi-sample single cell transcriptomic studies","volume":"12","author":"Schmid","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5692","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25960-2","article-title":"Confronting false discoveries in single-cell differential expression","volume":"12","author":"Squair","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7851","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35519-4","article-title":"A balanced measure shows superior performance of pseudobulk methods in single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis","volume":"13","author":"Murphy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B34","author":"Skinnider"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iyad031","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyad031","article-title":"The Gene Ontology knowledgebase in 2023","volume":"224","author":"Aleksander","year":"2023","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B37","first-page":"100141","article-title":"clusterProfiler 4.0: a universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innovation (Camb)"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B38","author":"Korotkevich"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15545","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102","article-title":"Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles","volume":"102","author":"Subramanian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11338-9","article-title":"Comprehension during informed consent in a less-developed country","volume":"360","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2014.05.004","article-title":"Regulation of NF-\u03baB by TNF family cytokines","volume":"26","author":"Hayden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0909635","article-title":"Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in HIV infection: striking a delicate balance","volume":"87","author":"Fitzgerald-Bocarsly","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14070848","article-title":"Role of type I interferons during Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV infections","volume":"14","author":"Anes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-023-00558-z","article-title":"Blood monocyte and dendritic cell profiles among people living with HIV with Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection","volume":"24","author":"Rambaran","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107628","article-title":"Single cell analysis reveals a subset of cytotoxic-like plasmacytoid dendritic cells in people with HIV-1","volume":"26","author":"Cham","year":"2023","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180325","article-title":"Type I interferons in tuberculosis: foe and occasionally friend","volume":"215","author":"Moreira-Teixeira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1008151","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008151","article-title":"Diverse effects of interferon alpha on the establishment and reversal of HIV latency","volume":"16","author":"Van der Sluis","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2019.154759","article-title":"Changes in inflammatory protein and lipid mediator profiles persist after antitubercular treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"123","author":"Vinhaes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2005.02994.x","article-title":"Circulating dendritic cells and interferon-\u03b1 production in patients with tuberculosis: correlation with clinical outcome and treatment response","volume":"143","author":"Lichtner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2026042913464821700_jiaf499-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2016.07.002","article-title":"Mammalian cell cultures as models for Mycobacterium tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) interaction studies: a review","volume":"9","author":"Chingwaru","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf499\/64453036\/jiaf499.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/233\/4\/e902\/64453036\/jiaf499.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/233\/4\/e902\/64453036\/jiaf499.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:46:58Z","timestamp":1777484818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/233\/4\/e902\/8269226"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf499","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]}}}