{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T14:32:58Z","timestamp":1793197978897,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760140800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005196","name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAAS-CSLPDCP-202403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAAS-CSLPDCP-202403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005196","name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ASTIP-IAS15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ASTIP-IAS15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brucellosis poses a significant threat to animal and human health globally. However, how Brucella subverts the immune response to establish persistent infections remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to decipher the immune landscape of mice infected with Brucella abortus. Flow cytometry, a transgenic cell line and mouse, and antibody blockage were utilized to explore the relevant mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brucella infection induced significant changes in the composition and signaling pathways of immune cells, and flow cytometry analysis further confirmed the scRNA-seq data. An in-depth analysis of macrophages, the main target cell for Brucella, demonstrated activation of type I interferon (IFN) and type II IFN signaling, tumor necrosis factor production, diverse cell deaths, etc. Specifically, Vir-2308 Brucella infection induced IFN-\u03b2 expression, primarily originating from macrophages. In vitro, a significantly lower level of intracellular Brucella survival was observed in ifnar1\u2212\/\u2212 macrophages. In vivo, ifnar1 genetic deficiency rendered the mice less susceptible to Brucella challenge resulting in a lower bacterial load and higher levels of macrophages and neutrophils. Interestingly, Brucella infection induced a dramatic reduction of NK cells along with the upregulation of CD94:NKG2A, one typical immune checkpoint module of NK cells. Further blockage of the NKG2A receptor in mice significantly reduced the bacterial load in the tissues, concurrent with a higher ratio of mature dendritic cells and a lower proportion of B cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>scRNA-seq revealed that Brucella infection significantly alters the immune microenvironment in mice, providing insight into a better understanding of brucellosis pathogenesis and the immune evasion strategies of this sophisticated pathogen.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf522","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T12:14:57Z","timestamp":1759925697000},"page":"e55-e66","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling Reveals the Immune Dysregulation Characteristics of Mice Infected With\n                    <i>Brucella abortus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Guangzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Biosafety and Public Health Prevention and Control Innovation Team, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingchun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Biosafety and Public Health Prevention and Control Innovation Team, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianxin","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Biosafety and Public Health Prevention and Control Innovation Team, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, Jiangsu ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Biosafety and Public Health Prevention and Control Innovation Team, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Boireau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Sant\u00e9 Animale, Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) , Maisons-Alfort ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8598-2872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuezheng","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Biosafety and Public Health Prevention and Control Innovation Team, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lang","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Biosafety and Public Health Prevention and Control Innovation Team, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Biosafety and Public Health Prevention and Control Innovation Team, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University , Yangzhou, Jiangsu ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heleer","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Biosafety and Public Health Prevention and Control Innovation Team, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control (North), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenguang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control , Beijing 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