{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T05:02:46Z","timestamp":1787374966463,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008322","name":"CSL Behring","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) DNAemia in renal transplant recipients increases risk of allograft failure, but BKPyV-specific therapies are not available. While treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been reported, safety in a prospective randomized controlled setting is uncertain, and host immune response to BKPyV after IVIG is not well characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated host immune responses to BKPyV in a multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled pilot study of IVIG with protocolized immunosuppression reduction in adult kidney transplant recipients with BK DNAemia. Participants received 2 infusions of 1\u2005g\/kg up to 70\u2005g each, 1 month apart, of IVIG or placebo and were followed for 1 year with adverse event monitoring. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability of IVIG. Neutralizing antibody (nAb) to common BKPyV strains and BK-specific CD4+\/CD8+ T-cell and natural killer cell responses were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were no adverse events. Forty percent of recipients in the treatment arm and 44.4% in the control arm cleared BK DNAemia at 3 months (relative risk, 0.90 [95% confidence interval, .23\u20132.89]). Overall, 80% of recipients with a sequenced BK genotype possessed cognate nAbs at baseline, and 100% acquired them by 3 months. Viral clearance was associated with higher percentages of BKPyV-specific CD8+ T cells prior to IVIG treatment (0.19% vs 3.01%; P &amp;lt; .01).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this pilot study, treatment with 2 doses of IVIG was safe, but its impact on viral clearance is unclear. Control of DNAemia may depend upon intrinsic virus-specific host cellular and humoral response, but further studies are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT02659891.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T12:14:24Z","timestamp":1760012064000},"page":"e392-e403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Immune Responses to BK Virus in Renal Transplant Recipients Receiving Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2881-5054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin D","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital , Philadelphia, PA 19107 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4993-6956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon B","family":"Gressens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Systems Immunology, Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7973-1521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darshana M","family":"Dadhania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine\u2013New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah M","family":"Gilligan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Edusei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine\u2013New York Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Lifton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8084-5665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana V","family":"Pastrana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Kleiboeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Eurofins Viracor , Lenexa, Kansas 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