{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T17:54:50Z","timestamp":1785779690720,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI152078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI152078"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI162381"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI162381"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The detection and quantification of cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide (PS) antigen in body fluids is useful for the diagnosis of cryptococcosis. We compared the sensitivity of 4 assays for measuring the amount of cryptococcal PS and 2 clinical assays (lateral flow assay [IMMY] and the cryptococcal latex agglutination assay [Remel]) using the PS of 4 single-motif-expressing Cryptococcus strains. These showed relatively consistent laboratory assay interstrain sensitivity with significant interstrain variation, with the more sensitive clinical assays showing variation consistent with antigenic differences. Analysis of lateral flow assay false-negative isolates reveals that cryptococcal PS motif expression is not recognized by the antibodies used in the assay. These results suggest that strain variation in PS structure affects the sensitivity of the various quantification tests, while antigen-antibody matching is essential to avoid false-negative results in cryptococcal antigen testing of bodily fluids. Including antibodies with higher specificity in clinical assays could reduce false-negative results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T11:31:08Z","timestamp":1761046268000},"page":"122-131","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Unexpected Variability in Laboratory and Clinical Assays Used to Quantify\n                    <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i>\n                    Polysaccharide"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8581-7831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maggie P","family":"Wear","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1104-9603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins Krieger School of Arts and Sciences , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5429-7591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Risha","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins Krieger School of Arts and Sciences , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1166-2563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SOM Pat Pathology Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9402-9167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arturo","family":"Casadevall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080313224418300_jiaf540-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.74.3.1500-1504.2006","article-title":"Estimating the relative contributions of virulence factors for pathogenic microbes","volume":"74","author":"McClelland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"2026080313224418300_jiaf540-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2011.08.003","article-title":"Evaluation of the in vitro activity of amphotericin B by time-kill curve methodology against large and small capsulate C. neoformans isolates","volume":"71","author":"C\u00f3rdoba","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026080313224418300_jiaf540-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00370-07","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles produced by Cryptococcus neoformans contain protein components associated with virulence","volume":"7","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eukaryotic Cell"},{"key":"2026080313224418300_jiaf540-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.94.5.1480-1483.1967","article-title":"Cryptococcus neoformans. 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