{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:23:18Z","timestamp":1787008998157,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32AI070114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32AI070114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01AI182506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01AI182506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23AI173658"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23AI173658"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 MH125705"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 MH125705"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) are a cornerstone of malaria testing and treatment efforts globally. However, positive mRDT results can occur after treatment due to antigen persistence, even in the absence of malaria parasites. False-negative mRDTs are well-described, but less is known about the prevalence and consequences of such false-positive results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We estimated the prevalence of false-positive mRDTs, defined as mRDT(+)\/microscopy(\u2212), using data from the 2018\u20132019 Uganda Malaria Indicator Survey (MIS). Children aged &amp;lt;5 years (under-5s) with paired mRDT and microscopy results were included. We estimated the prevalence of false-positive mRDTs among microscopy(\u2212) children using survey weights. We fit bivariate generalized linear models to estimate the prevalence difference (PD) of false-positive mRDTs for pre-specified covariates. We constructed cross-validated weighted lasso regression models to determine which variables best predict false-positive mRDTs among children with recent fever.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of false-positive mRDTs was 10.7% (849\/6786) and was strongly correlated with region-level transmission intensity. Prevalence was higher among children with recent fever (PD: 17.2%; 95% CI: 13.7%, 20.6%), recent antimalarial use (14.7%; 7.1%, 22.3%), and comorbid anemia (8.1%; 5.9%, 10.3%). Prevalence was lower among those with recent antibiotic use (\u221217.6%; \u221222.5%, \u221212.7%). A model with clinical, environmental, and household variables better predicted false-positive mRDTs (weighted AUC = 0.79) than individual models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>False-positive mRDTs are prevalent among under-5s in the 2018\u201319 Uganda MIS and lead to overestimates of community-level malaria prevalence. These results suggest that false-positive mRDTs may also contribute to misdiagnosis and unnecessary antimalarial use in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T13:09:06Z","timestamp":1764162546000},"page":"e782-e790","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["False-positive Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests are Prevalent Among Children Under 5 Years of Age in Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8796-4990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caitlin A","family":"Cassidy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 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, Chapel Hill, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2445-8473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily J","family":"Ciccone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily W","family":"Gower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7042-6961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amber M","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1741-335X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessie K","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 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