{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:19:51Z","timestamp":1788448791764,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010877","name":"ViiV Healthcare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A18-1052"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A18-1052"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010877","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People living with HIV (PLHIV) are at increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but the immunological mechanisms driving plaque formation remain unclear. This study investigated the association between peripheral immune cell subsets and carotid atherosclerotic plaques in PLHIV without prior clinical ASCVD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this multi-center cross-sectional study, virally suppressed PLHIV receiving antiretroviral therapy were enrolled from two Dutch cohorts: a discovery cohort (n = 994) and a validation cohort (n = 200). Participants underwent carotid ultrasound imaging to assess plaques using standardized criteria. Immune profiling was performed using high-dimensional flow cytometry of 355 immune cell populations. Associations with plaque were analyzed using linear regression adjusted for relevant confounders, and key findings were validated in the second cohort. Transcriptomic profiles of main cell populations were evaluated using deconvoluted bulk RNA sequencing to identify differential expression and pathway enrichment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carotid plaques were present in 584 participants (49%)\u2014502 of 994 (51%) in the discovery and 82 of 200 (41%) in the validation cohort. Plaques were associated with higher counts of several CD8+ T cell subsets, particularly PD-1-expressing cytotoxic T cells with an interferon secretion profile (CD8TC1PD1+). Transcriptomic analysis of CD8+ T cells revealed downregulated mitochondrial function and upregulated type 1 interferon and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, indicating a senescent phenotype.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CD8+ T cell senescence may contribute to early atherosclerotic plaque formation in PLHIV. Targeting immune senescence could offer a novel strategy for cardiovascular risk reduction in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trials Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03994835<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T12:30:23Z","timestamp":1767702623000},"page":"e1154-e1164","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Functional and Transcriptional Senescence Profiles of CD8+ T Cells Associate With the Presence of Carotid Plaques in People Living With HIV"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5694-5877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc J T","family":"Blaauw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud 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Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise E","family":"van Eekeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert L","family":"Groenendijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, ErasmusMC, Erasmus University , Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert","family":"Weijers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical UltraSound Imaging Center (MUSIC), division of Medical Imaging, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen ,","place":["The 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