{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:17:46Z","timestamp":1790727466895,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN272201800013C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN272201800013C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N91019D00024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N91019D00024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021671","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021671","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The liver is a key target of pathogenic Marburg and Ebola viruses (MARV and EBOV, respectively), with injury common in severe filovirid disease, yet high-resolution histopathologic quantification is lacking. We addressed this by deploying deep learning (DL) models for pixel-level quantitative analysis of digitized liver pathology slides in lethal rhesus monkey (RM) models of MARV and 2 EBOV variants, Makona and Kikwit. Our DL model segmented arteries, veins, bile ducts, and hepatic necrosis, achieving interobserver variability in necrosis segmentation comparable to that of 3 pathologists. DL-quantified liver necrosis correlated with exposure virus (f = 6.61, P = .006) and was highest in MARV-exposed RMs (11.0%). While filovirid-exposed RMs showed elevations in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase, only ALT levels correlated with necrosis severity. Necrosis localization differed\u2014portal tract proximate after MARV exposure and central vein proximate after EBOV exposure. This proof-of-concept work enables future large-scale retrospective \u201cmeta-pathologic\u201d analyses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T12:32:23Z","timestamp":1768653143000},"page":"e1345-e1354","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Machine Learning\u2013Enabled Quantification of Hepatocellular Necrosis in the Liver After Lethal Marburg and Ebola Virus Exposures"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Yanling","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Data Sciences Section, Research Technologies Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Rockville, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7818-9139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Winston 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Frederick, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David X","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhil A","family":"Vinithakumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nejra","family":"Isic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 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