{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T02:19:25Z","timestamp":1777774765083,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FDN-143350"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FDN-143350"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020951","name":"Fonds de recherche du Quebec","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High-dose rifampicin could potentially shorten tuberculosis preventive therapy (TPT) and improve outcomes. We aimed to characterize population pharmacokinetics of standard- and high-dose rifampicin for TPT among individuals with tuberculosis infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intensive and sparse pharmacokinetic substudies were conducted in Indonesia, Canada, and Vietnam within the 2R2 randomized trial, which compared 2 months of high-dose rifampicin at 20 mg\/kg\/day (2R20) or 30 mg\/kg\/day (2R30) with 4 months of standard-dose rifampicin at 10 mg\/kg\/day (4R10) in adults and adolescents aged \u2265 10 years. Venous blood samples were collected after 4 weeks of treatment. Rifampicin pharmacokinetics were analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling in NONMEM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 1368 trial participants, 440 were included in model development (51 intensive and 389 sparse sampling), with 191 (43%) assigned to 4R10, 159 (36%) to 2R20, and 90 (20%) to 2R30. A 1-compartment model with saturable hepatic extraction and transit-compartment absorption best described rifampicin pharmacokinetics. All disposition parameters were allometrically scaled using fat-free mass. Country-specific differences, particularly variation in drug formulation, were associated with lower bioavailability in Canada {\u221221.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] \u221227.9 to \u221218.0%)} and Vietnam (\u221212.3% [95% CI \u221217.7 to \u22127.9%]) compared with Indonesia. The 24-hour area under the concentration\u2013time curve increased more than proportionally with dose and was higher across treatment arms in Indonesia, followed by Vietnam and Canada.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High-dose rifampicin for TPT resulted in greater-than-proportional increases in exposure due to nonlinear clearance at higher doses. Substantial between-country variability in exposure was observed, which may have been due to multiple factors, including differences in country-specific formulations, fat-free mass, and unmeasured confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T12:44:40Z","timestamp":1769172280000},"page":"e999-e1010","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Standard- and High-Dose Rifampicin for Tuberculosis Preventive Therapy in the 2R2 Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0084-9018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fajri","family":"Gafar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"McGill International TB Centre, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran , Bandung ,","place":["Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elin M","family":"Svensson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University , Uppsala ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7448-8684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vycke","family":"Yunivita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran , Bandung ,","place":["Indonesia"]},{"name":"TB Working Group, Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Diseases, Universitas Padjadjaran , Bandung ,","place":["Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Fregonese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill International TB Centre, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3051-0701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Greg J","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Woolcock Institute of Medical Research , Macquarie Park, Sydney, NSW ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thu Anh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The University of Sydney Vietnam Institute , Ho Chi Minh City ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1543-4907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binh Hoa","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vietnam Integrated Center for Tuberculosis and Respiratory Research, Vietnam National Lung Hospital , Hanoi ,","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8879-4989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Johnston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Provincial TB Services, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control , Vancouver, British Columbia ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2126-5430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7858-3945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chantal","family":"Valiquette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"McGill International TB Centre, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8925-969X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob E","family":"Aarnoutse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4995-5054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rovina","family":"Ruslami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill International TB Centre, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran , Bandung ,","place":["Indonesia"]},{"name":"TB Working Group, Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Diseases, Universitas Padjadjaran , Bandung ,","place":["Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1601-4514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dick","family":"Menzies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"McGill International TB Centre, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University , Montreal, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Montreal Chest Institute, McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, Quebec ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201407-1264OC","article-title":"A dose-ranging trial to optimize the dose of rifampin in the treatment of tuberculosis","volume":"191","author":"Boeree","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2000955","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00955-2020","article-title":"Increased bactericidal activity but dose-limiting intolerability at 50 mg\u00b7kg\u22121 rifampicin","volume":"58","author":"te Brake","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy242","article-title":"Greater early bactericidal activity at higher rifampicin doses revealed by modeling and clinical trial simulations","volume":"218","author":"Svensson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30274-2","article-title":"High-dose rifampicin, moxifloxacin, and SQ109 for treating tuberculosis: a multi-arm, multi-stage randomised controlled trial","volume":"17","author":"Boeree","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy026","article-title":"The potential for treatment shortening with higher rifampicin doses: relating drug exposure to treatment response in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"67","author":"Svensson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70264-5","article-title":"Intensified regimen containing rifampicin and moxifloxacin for tuberculous meningitis: an open-label, randomised controlled phase 2 trial","volume":"13","author":"Ruslami","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01014-18","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01014-18","article-title":"Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase II dose-finding study to evaluate high-dose rifampin for tuberculous meningitis","volume":"62","author":"Dian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1071","article-title":"Model-based meta-analysis of rifampicin exposure and mortality in Indonesian tuberculosis meningitis trials","volume":"71","author":"Svensson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2434","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2502866","article-title":"Trial of high-dose oral rifampin in adults with tuberculous meningitis","volume":"393","author":"Meya","year":"2025","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1714283","article-title":"Four months of rifampin or nine months of isoniazid for latent tuberculosis in adults","volume":"379","author":"Menzies","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1714284","article-title":"Safety and side effects of rifampin versus isoniazid in children","volume":"379","author":"Diallo","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-3741","article-title":"Health system costs of treating latent tuberculosis infection with four months of rifampin versus nine months of isoniazid in different settings","volume":"173","author":"Bastos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00076-6","article-title":"High-dose, short-duration versus standard rifampicin for tuberculosis preventive treatment: a partially blinded, three-arm, non-inferiority, randomised, controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Ruslami","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf004","article-title":"Safety of triple-dose rifampin in tuberculosis treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"Arbiv","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01054-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01054-17","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and bacteriological response of rifampin administered at 600, 900, and 1,200 milligrams daily in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"61","author":"Aarnoutse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab162","article-title":"High-dose oral and intravenous rifampicin for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis in predominantly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive Ugandan adults: a phase II open-label randomized controlled trial","volume":"73","author":"Cresswell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00038-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00038-17","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic evidence from the HIRIF trial to support increased doses of rifampin for tuberculosis","volume":"61","author":"Peloquin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.06.016","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and safety\/tolerability of higher oral and intravenous doses of rifampicin in adult tuberculous meningitis patients","volume":"48","author":"Yunivita","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B19","author":"Canadian Thoracic Society, Canadian Lung Association, Public Health Agency of Canada","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B20","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2024.107197","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of standard versus high-dose rifampin for tuberculosis preventive treatment: a sub-study of the 2R2 randomized controlled trial","volume":"64","author":"Gafar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0278087","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0278087","article-title":"High dose rifampin for 2 months vs standard dose rifampin for 4 months, to treat TB infection: protocol of a 3-arm randomized trial (2R2)","volume":"18","author":"Fregonese","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.778","article-title":"A population pharmacokinetic model incorporating saturable pharmacokinetics and autoinduction for high rifampicin doses","volume":"103","author":"Svensson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01830-15","article-title":"Model-based evaluation of higher doses of rifampin using a semimechanistic model incorporating autoinduction and saturation of hepatic extraction","volume":"60","author":"Chirehwa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1012299115260","article-title":"Ways to fit a PK model with some data below the quantification limit","volume":"28","author":"Beal","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.70015","article-title":"A pragmatic approach to handling censored data below the lower limit of quantification in pharmacokinetic modeling","volume":"14","author":"Wijk","year":"2025","journal-title":"CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200544100-00004","article-title":"Quantification of lean bodyweight","volume":"44","author":"Janmahasatian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e234","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf178","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of rifampicin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in adults with tuberculosis meningitis","volume":"232","author":"Abdelgawad","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.106.013359","article-title":"Misuse of the well-stirred model of hepatic drug clearance","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Metab Dispos"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-197803020-00002","article-title":"Clinical pharmacokinetics of rifampicin","volume":"3","author":"Acocella","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3237","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab336","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and safety of high-dose rifampicin in children with TB: the Opti-Rif trial","volume":"76","author":"Garcia-Prats","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01550-06","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a higher rifampin dose versus the standard dose in pulmonary tuberculosis patients","volume":"51","author":"Ruslami","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201596","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01596-2022","article-title":"Global estimates and determinants of antituberculosis drug pharmacokinetics in children and adolescents: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Gafar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2305","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky152","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of rifampicin in adult TB patients and healthy volunteers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Stott","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B35","first-page":"215","article-title":"Disease-induced modifications of drug pharmacokinetics","volume":"3","author":"Barr\u00e9","year":"1983","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0833","article-title":"Bioavailability of two licensed paediatric rifampicin suspensions: implications for quality control programmes","volume":"20","author":"McIlleron","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab908","article-title":"Optimizing dosing and fixed-dose combinations of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide in pediatric patients with tuberculosis: a prospective population pharmacokinetic study","volume":"75","author":"Denti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0043123","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00431-23","article-title":"Unexpectedly low drug exposures among Ugandan patients with TB and HIV receiving high-dose rifampicin","volume":"67","author":"Allan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4192","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00353-10","article-title":"Effects of tuberculosis, race, and human gene SLCO1B1 polymorphisms on rifampin concentrations","volume":"54","author":"Weiner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1080\/004982597239994","article-title":"Rifampin and rifabutin and their metabolism by human liver esterases","volume":"27","author":"Jamis-Dow","year":"1997","journal-title":"Xenobiotica"},{"key":"2026042913525844500_jiag052-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2011.08.003","article-title":"Human arylacetamide deacetylase is responsible for deacetylation of rifamycins: rifampicin, rifabutin, and rifapentine","volume":"82","author":"Nakajima","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiag052\/66586785\/jiag052.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/233\/4\/e999\/66586785\/jiag052.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/233\/4\/e999\/66586785\/jiag052.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:53:08Z","timestamp":1777485188000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/233\/4\/e999\/8441773"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiag052","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]}}}