{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:23:17Z","timestamp":1787008997970,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017493","name":"Federal Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017493","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swiss Government Excellence","award":["2022.0465"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.0465"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013281","name":"Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Schweizerischer National Fonds","award":["40JP40_218865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["40JP40_218865"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006388","name":"Geneva University Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006388","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020963","name":"Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Citrobacter freundii is an emerging nosocomial pathogen, yet its transmission dynamics remain poorly characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective genomic and epidemiological study to investigate the transmission chains of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing C. freundii collected at Geneva University Hospitals during a 6-year period (2017\u20132022). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) using Nanopore long-read sequencing, MLST and plasmid typing, and resistome profiling were performed. Transmission events were defined based on genetic relatedness, plasmid similarity and patient trajectories.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 103 cases of ESBL and carbapenemase-producing C. freundii were identified, of which 79% were hospital-acquired, 72% were isolated from rectal swabs, and bacteremia occurred in 6 patients. Among 90 isolates available for WGS, 73% were confirmed as C. freundii, whereas the remaining belonged to other Citrobacter species. A high genetic diversity was observed among C. freundii sensu stricto, with 29 distinct sequence types, including predominant ST114, ST98, and ST22. We identified 10 clusters involving multiple Citrobacter species among 35 patients, with a median cluster duration of 103 weeks (IQR, 65\u2013138). Transmission chain analysis revealed that 37% of patients were involved in putative clonal transmission and 21% in putative plasmid-mediated dissemination events, particularly in abdominal surgery, geriatrics and septic orthopedics, often involving C. freundii harboring blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-48\/CTX-M-14b, and blaOXA-181 on IncHI2-IncHI2A, IncM1, and IncX3 plasmids, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study highlights the role of C. freundii as a vector of both clonal and plasmid-mediated, nosocomial transmission of antimicrobial resistance. It emphasizes the need to include C. freundii in genomic and epidemiological surveillance to detect its silent spread.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T12:41:05Z","timestamp":1769776865000},"page":"e1181-e1192","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Epidemiological and Molecular Surveillance of Multiresistant\n                    <i>Citrobacter freundii<\/i>\n                    Complex in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Retrospective Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"P\u00e9rince","family":"Fonton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Program, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center , Geneva ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Sierra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine , Geneva ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Division of Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostics Department, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine , Geneva ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5071-0893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Martischang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine , Geneva ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aude","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine , Geneva ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdessalam","family":"Cherkaoui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostics Department, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine , Geneva ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3247-9274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego O","family":"Andrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva , Geneva ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine , Geneva ,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Division of Laboratory Medicine, Diagnostics Department, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine , Geneva ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3551-1025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Harbarth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection Control Program, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center , Geneva ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B1","first-page":"175","article-title":"The clonal relationship among the Citrobacter freundii isolated from the main hospital in Kermanshah, west of Iran","volume":"8","author":"Rezaei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran J Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2016.08.016","article-title":"Citrobacter freundii bacteremia: risk factors of mortality and prevalence of resistance genes","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-008-0598-z","article-title":"Citrobacter infections in a general hospital: characteristics and outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Samonis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09575-8","article-title":"Epidemiology of Citrobacter spp. infections among hospitalized patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Fonton","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744431","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.744431","article-title":"Carbapenem-resistant Citrobacter spp. As an emerging concern in the hospital-setting: results from a genome-based regional surveillance study","volume":"11","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-023-01261-9","article-title":"Sanitary installations and wastewater plumbing as reservoir for the long-term circulation and transmission of carbapenemase producing Citrobacter freundii clones in a hospital setting","volume":"12","author":"Hamerlinck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B7","first-page":"27","article-title":"Contamination de l\u2019environnement hydrique hospitalier par des ent\u00e9robact\u00e9ries productrices de carbap\u00e9n\u00e9mases: une \u00e9tude de pr\u00e9valence hors contexte \u00e9pid\u00e9mique","volume":"33","author":"Durand","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hygi\u00e8nes"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00121-25","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00121-25","article-title":"The dark matter of bacterial genomic surveillance\u2014antimicrobial resistance plasmid transmissions in the hospital setting","volume":"63","author":"Sobkowiak","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02011-17","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02011-17","article-title":"Genomic analysis of hospital plumbing reveals diverse reservoir of bacterial plasmids conferring carbapenem resistance","volume":"9","author":"Weingarten","year":"2018","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276982","DOI":"10.3389\/frabi.2023.1276982","article-title":"A brief insight into Citrobacter species\u2014a growing threat to public health","volume":"2","author":"Jabeen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Antibiot"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00366-23","DOI":"10.1128\/msphere.00366-23","article-title":"Nationwide molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Citrobacter spp. in France in 2019 and 2020","volume":"8","author":"Biez","year":"2023","journal-title":"mSphere"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00036-08","article-title":"Amp C \u03b2-Lactamases","volume":"22","author":"Jacoby","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.8.2287-2298.2001","article-title":"Novel class A \u03b2-lactamase sed-1 from Citrobacter sedlakii: genetic diversity of \u03b2-lactamases within the Citrobacter genus","volume":"45","author":"Petrella","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2009.12918","article-title":"Surveillance of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a Swiss tertiary care hospital","volume":"139","author":"Fankhauser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2021.5345","article-title":"Comparison of routine replacement with clinically indicated replacement of peripheral intravenous catheters","volume":"181","author":"Buetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-024-01476-4","article-title":"Increase in PVC-BSI during the second COVID-19 pandemic year\u202f: analysis of catheter and patient characteristics","volume":"13","author":"Pianca","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-022-01117-8","article-title":"Lower risk of peripheral venous catheter-related bloodstream infection by hand insertion","volume":"11","author":"Buetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04027-8","article-title":"An interventional quasi-experimental study to evaluate the impact of a rapid screening strategy in improving control of nosocomial extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales and carbapenemase-producing organisms in critically ill patients","volume":"26","author":"Martischang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0231146","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231146","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Nigeria","volume":"15","author":"Jesumirhewe","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115422","article-title":"Characterization of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacterial isolates from Nigeria by whole genome sequencing","volume":"101","author":"Tickler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165751","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1165751","article-title":"Genomic epidemiology of nosocomial carbapenemase-producing Citrobacter freundii in sewerage systems in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland","volume":"14","author":"Heljanko","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00860-25","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.00860-25","article-title":"Development and validation of a core genome multilocus sequence typing scheme for Citrobacter freundii: application in outbreak investigations and comparative analysis across the Citrobacter genus","volume":"63","author":"Kieninger","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3052","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30637-5","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing reveals hidden transmission of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales","volume":"13","author":"Marimuthu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2017.07.022","article-title":"Stalking a lethal superbug by whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetics: influence on unraveling a major hospital outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"46","author":"Kaiser","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552122","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.552122","article-title":"Impact of total laboratory automation on turnaround times for urine cultures and screening specimens for MRSA, ESBL, and VRE carriage: retrospective comparison with manual workflow","volume":"10","author":"Cherkaoui","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624411","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2025.1624411","article-title":"Evaluation of PhenoMATRIX\u00ae PLUS for the culture-based rectal screening of CPOs, ESBL-E, Acinetobacter, and VRE carriage","volume":"16","author":"Cherkaoui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856.e7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.04.020","article-title":"Silent spread of mobile colistin resistance gene mcr-9.1 on IncHI2 \u2018superplasmids\u2019 in clinical carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales","volume":"27","author":"Macesic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2876","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaf228","article-title":"Horizontal transmission of a multidrug-resistant IncM1 plasmid harbouring blaOXA-48 and blaCTX-M-14b among patient microbiotas","volume":"80","author":"Sierra","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-022-04493-6","article-title":"Molecular analysis of OXA-48-producing Escherichia coli in Switzerland from 2019 to 2020","volume":"41","author":"Findlay","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00505-17","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00505-17","article-title":"Circulation of blaKPC-3-carrying IncX3 plasmids among Citrobacter freundii isolates in an Italian hospital","volume":"61","author":"Venditti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988236","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.988236","article-title":"In silico characterization of IncX3 plasmids carrying bla OXA-181 in enterobacterales","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"001126","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001126","article-title":"Introduction and benchmarking of pyMLST: open-source software for assessing bacterial clonality using core genome MLST","volume":"9","author":"Biguenet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb Genomics"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.01.015","article-title":"Citrobacter infections in a tertiary care hospital in northern India","volume":"54","author":"Mohanty","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-003-2176-8","article-title":"Resistance to extended-Spectrum cephalosporins and mortality in patients with Citrobacter freundii bacteremia","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13040786","article-title":"Incidence and resistance patterns of Citrobacter spp. in Switzerland: a nationwide, retrospective surveillance study (2010\u20132022)","volume":"13","author":"Fonton","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7412","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15387","article-title":"Global evolutionary epidemiology and resistome dynamics of Citrobacter species, Enterobacter hormaechei, Klebsiella variicola, and Proteeae clones","volume":"23","author":"Osei Sekyere","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5355","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S477093","article-title":"Emergence of a blaNDM-5 carrying IncHI2\/IncHI2A plasmid in a multidrug resistant clinical ST1431 Escherichia coli strain","volume":"17","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9802","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-59870-2","article-title":"Genotypic analyses of IncHI2 plasmids from enteric bacteria","volume":"14","author":"Algarni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0134622","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01346-22","article-title":"Epidemiology and molecular characteristics of mcr-9 in Citrobacter spp. from healthy individuals and patients in China","volume":"10","author":"Ju","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.059014-0","article-title":"Emergence and spread of NDM-1 producer Enterobacteriaceae with contribution of IncX3 plasmids in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"62","author":"Sonnevend","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0129454","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129454","article-title":"Dissemination of NDM-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae mediated by the IncX3-type plasmid","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2300528","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.15.2300528","article-title":"Emergence of OXA-48-like producing Citrobacter species, Germany, 2011 to 2022","volume":"29","author":"Sommer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"mgen001016","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.001016","article-title":"Genomic surveillance of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella in Wales reveals persistent spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 and adaptive evolution of pOXA-48-like plasmids","volume":"9","author":"David","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb Genomics"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2024.05.008","article-title":"Controlling the hospital aquatic reservoir of multidrug-resistant organisms: a cross-sectional study followed by a nested randomized trial of sink decontamination","volume":"30","author":"Catho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-021-01013-7","article-title":"Epidemiology of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from repeated prevalence studies over 11 years in a long-term-care facility","volume":"10","author":"Martischang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2400590","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.23.2400590","article-title":"Beyond patient contact: combined short- and long read sequencing reveals continuous occurrence of genomically related carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales and plasmid mobility in a hospital, Germany, 2018 to 2021","volume":"30","author":"Leder","year":"2025","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.12.016","article-title":"Whole genome sequencing options for bacterial strain typing and epidemiologic analysis based on single nucleotide polymorphism versus gene-by-gene\u2013based approaches","volume":"24","author":"Sch\u00fcrch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2026051419571828600_jiag066-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2019.75","article-title":"Integration of genomic and clinical data augments surveillance of healthcare-acquired infections","volume":"40","author":"Ward","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiag066\/66736040\/jiag066.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/233\/5\/e1181\/66736040\/jiag066.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/233\/5\/e1181\/66736040\/jiag066.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T23:57:31Z","timestamp":1778803051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/233\/5\/e1181\/8457195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiag066","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]}}}