{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T17:54:46Z","timestamp":1785779686180,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AI145435-A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI145435-A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AI153349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI153349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R56-AI179012-A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R56-AI179012-A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-AI190038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-AI190038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S10-OD030381-A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10-OD030381-A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S10-OD032154"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10-OD032154"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tuberculous meningitis (TB meningitis), the most severe form of tuberculosis, carries high mortality and neurological sequelae, and current rifampin-based regimen are limited by poor central nervous system penetration. Alternative rifamycins like rifapentine and rifabutin, with different pharmacokinetic profiles, are effective for treating drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis, with rifapentine now forming the basis of a World Health Organization-approved 4-month daily rifapentine-moxifloxacin regimen, and retrospective studies showing that rifabutin-based regimens are effective and well tolerated, however, both drugs still need dedicated evaluation in TB meningitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mice were intracranially inoculated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and treated with rifamycin (rifampin, rifapentine, or rifabutin)-based regimens at human equipotent doses. We assessed the bactericidal activities of the 3 regimens, rifamycin tissue concentrations, brain inflammation (brain magnetic resonance imaging, tissue immunofluorescence, cytokines), and neuronal injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both rifapentine- and rifabutin-containing regimens demonstrated bactericidal activity in the brain, similar to or better than the standard rifampin-containing regimen, as well as reduced neuroinflammation and brain injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alternate rifamycins, rifapentine and rifabutin, show therapeutic activity and neuroprotective effects, supporting their evaluation in clinical trials for treating TB meningitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  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