{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:18:28Z","timestamp":1790806708916,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,16]],"date-time":"2026-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vitalant"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92019D00038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92019D00038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92019D00033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92019D00033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oropouche virus (OROV) re-emerged in Brazil in 2023, causing over 26 000 confirmed cases through December 2025. A reassortant lineage was linked to neurologic complications and congenital infections due to vertical transmission. Although transfusion transmission has not been reported, asymptomatic viremia in blood donors could represent an unrecognized route of infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted nucleic acid testing (NAT), genomic, and serological surveillance among blood donors in Manaus, Brazil, during the 2023\u20132024 OROV outbreak. Minipools (MPs) of 18 donations from November 2023 to May 2024 were tested using a validated RT-qPCR assay. A subset of NAT-reactive pools underwent whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Serosurveys in November 2023 and June 2024 assessed changes in population immunity. The RNA-detectable window was estimated by integrating NAT yield with seroincidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 661 MPs, representing 11 898 donations, 43 (6.5%) were OROV RNA-reactive, peaking in January 2024. About half contained viral RNA concentrations above the limit of quantification. Donor-derived viral genomes clustered with the reassortant lineage circulating in Brazil. Donor seropositivity increased from 13.0% to 29.7%, corresponding to approximately 390 000 estimated infections in Manaus, substantially higher than reported case numbers. The estimated MP RNA-detectable window was 5.4 days (95% CI: 3.8\u20137.0).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OROV RNA detection in donor samples, together with high-titer viremia, phylogenetic identity to the outbreak strain, and postoutbreak seroconversion, raises questions about blood safety. Continued donor and recipient surveillance will be vital to determine transfusion-transmission risk and inform transfusion safety policies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T12:27:54Z","timestamp":1770726474000},"page":"e9-e17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Molecular and Serological Evidence of Oropouche Virus Circulation in Asymptomatic Blood Donors During the 2023\u20132024 Outbreak in Manaus, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0250-0474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela","family":"Milani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California SanFrancisco , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9615-7023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham","family":"Simmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California SanFrancisco , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allyson","family":"Guimar\u00e3es da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas , Manaus, AM ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Imunologia B\u00e1sica e Aplicada (PPGIBA), , Manaus, AM ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Chafets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leilani","family":"Montalvo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelson","family":"Fraiji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas , Manaus, AM ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosilene","family":"Marinho de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas , Manaus, AM ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theomario Theotonio","family":"Azevedo da Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Amazonas , Manaus, AM ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia Salete","family":"Alencar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LIM 03 Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, HCFMUSP , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3217-5898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Buccheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California SanFrancisco , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xutao","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California SanFrancisco , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ester Cerdeira","family":"Sabino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6251-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Custer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California SanFrancisco , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1446-125X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael P","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California SanFrancisco , San Francisco, California 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