{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T19:55:06Z","timestamp":1781639706594,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013961","name":"Robertson Foundation Fellowship","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013961","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024811","name":"Nuffield Department of Population Health Pump Priming Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024811","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004789","name":"John Fell Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004789","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"UKRI EPSRC Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/X021793\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/X021793\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UKRI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/X021793\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/X021793\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The role of gut inflammation for intestinal schistosomiasis remains poorly understood in chronically infected and repeatedly treated populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study nested in the SchistoTrack cohort within Pakwach district, Uganda. In 2024, 640 participants aged 6\u201385 years were examined for Schistosoma mansoni by Kato-Katz. Fecal calprotectin (fCal) concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Fecal calprotectin was analyzed as binary outcomes (detectable, \u2265100 \u00b5g\/g, &amp;gt;250 \u00b5g\/g) and natural log-transformed continuous values. Co-endemic infections (malaria, HIV, hepatitis B [HBV]) and sociodemographic covariates were investigated in logistic regressions with covariate selection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>74.4% of participants had detectable fCal, 22.3% had fCal \u2265100 \u00b5g\/g, and 7% had fCal &amp;gt;250 \u00b5g\/g. Schistosoma mansoni prevalence was 49.1%. Infection intensity was positively associated with all fCal outcomes (detectable: OR 1.20, \u2265100 \u00b5g\/g: OR 1.11, &amp;gt;250 \u00b5g\/g: OR 1.26; continuous: \u03b2 .06) while infection status was positively related to all but the continuous fCal outcome. HIV was associated with fCal \u2265100 \u00b5g\/g (OR 2.52), while malaria and HBV were uninformative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Schistosoma mansoni infections are characterized by persistent, clinically concerning levels of gut inflammation in chronically infected populations with repeated praziquantel treatment. Integration of fCal thresholds into clinical guidelines may improve management of schistosomiasis-related morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T12:36:30Z","timestamp":1772541390000},"page":"e1454-e1464","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Schistosoma mansoni<\/i>\n                    Infections Are Associated With Fecal Calprotectin Markers of Gut Inflammation After Accounting for HIV, Hepatitis B, and Malaria"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5512-0890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Wilburn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Health, University of Oxford , Oxford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5144-4433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanh Lan","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Health, University of Oxford , Oxford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Akampurira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector Borne Diseases and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Uganda Ministry of Health , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reagan","family":"Ddamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector Borne Diseases and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Uganda Ministry of Health , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1689-294X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David W","family":"Oguttu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector Borne Diseases and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Uganda Ministry of Health , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8158-4348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Betty","family":"Nabatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector Borne Diseases and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Uganda Ministry of Health , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7036-5716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narcis B","family":"Kabatereine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector Borne Diseases and Neglected Tropical Diseases, Uganda Ministry of Health , Kampala ,","place":["Uganda"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4653-0846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Goylette F","family":"Chami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Health, University of Oxford , Oxford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061615212178100_jiag094-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02814-9","article-title":"Human schistosomiasis","volume":"405","author":"Buonfrate","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026061615212178100_jiag094-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2024.07.007","article-title":"Epidemiology of periportal fibrosis and relevance of current Schistosoma mansoni infection within the context of repeated mass drug administration in rural Uganda: a population-based, cross-sectional study","volume":"5","author":"Anjorin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"2026061615212178100_jiag094-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0003504","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003504","article-title":"It\u2019s time to dispel the myth of \u201casymptomatic\u201d schistosomiasis","volume":"9","author":"King","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2026061615212178100_jiag094-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00089","article-title":"The schistosoma granuloma: friend or foe?","volume":"4","author":"Hams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026061615212178100_jiag094-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3042","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.03042","article-title":"Schistosome egg migration: mechanisms, pathogenesis and host immune 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