{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T02:19:25Z","timestamp":1777774765266,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1125656"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1125656"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1141632"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1141632"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Senior Principal Research","award":["1135820"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1135820"]}]},{"name":"CSL Centenary Fellowship"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023410","name":"Snow Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022\/SF167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022\/SF167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001803","name":"Charles Darwin University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012661","name":"Menzies School of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012661","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001075","name":"Channel 7 Children's Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001075","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008561","name":"Burnet Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008561","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Independent Research Infrastructure Support Scheme"},{"name":"Victorian State Government Operational Infrastructure Support"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasmodium falciparum and vivax are parasites responsible for most malaria cases globally. In areas where these species coexist, individuals gain protection from P vivax more rapidly, and important biological differences between species may affect immune responses. CD4 T cells are key drivers of immunity to malaria as effector and helper cells, with T follicular helper cells having key roles in antibody development. Comparative studies on CD4 T cell responses between these species are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed CD4 T cells in adults with either P falciparum or P vivax malaria. Activation and proliferation of CD4 T cells were measured ex vivo, and functional capacity was determined by intracellular cytokine staining via flow cytometry.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The phenotype, activation, and proliferation of CD4 T cell subsets were largely comparable between species. However, within the peripheral T follicular helper (pTfh) cell compartment, there was some evidence for species-dependent activation, with relatively increased pTfh1 cells in P falciparum infection. Additionally, in P falciparum, increased IL-10 production was detected, including within IL-21\u2013producing CD4 T cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While activation and function of CD4 T cells in malaria are largely comparable, some species-dependent responses are detected within the pTfh-cell compartment that may affect antibody development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T12:26:45Z","timestamp":1771849605000},"page":"e891-e901","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of CD4 T-Cell Response in\n                    <i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>vivax<\/i>\n                    Malaria"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9152-5520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayimuna","family":"Nalubega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute , Melbourne , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan S F","family":"Soon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute , Melbourne , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6528-5439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dean","family":"Andrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Herston, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amaya","family":"Ortega-Pajares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute , Melbourne , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3474-362X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Canning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute , Melbourne , Australia"},{"name":"School of Translational Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9692-5627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas","family":"Dooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute , Melbourne , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica R","family":"Loughland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute , Melbourne , Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Engwerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Herston, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0481-7435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enny","family":"Kenangalem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Timika Malaria Research Program, Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation , Timika ,","place":["Indonesia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2000-2874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ric N","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research, Global and Tropical Health Division , Darwin ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Bangkok ,","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5158-7700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Minigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research, Global and Tropical Health Division , Darwin ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University , Darwin, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas M","family":"Anstey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research, Global and Tropical Health Division , Darwin ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3169-9849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damian A","family":"Oyong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute , Melbourne , Australia"},{"name":"School of Translational Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research, Global and Tropical Health Division , Darwin ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0268-232X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle J","family":"Boyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Burnet Institute , Melbourne , Australia"},{"name":"School of Translational Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Menzies School of Health Research, Global and Tropical Health Division , Darwin ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne , Melbourne ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.30875\/9789287076717","volume-title":"World malaria report 2024: addressing inequity in the global malaria response","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B2","first-page":"873","article-title":"Epidemiological significance of repeated infections with homologous and heterologous strains and species of Plasmodium","volume":"35","author":"Jeffery","year":"1966","journal-title":"Bull World Health"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9047","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009047","article-title":"Differential patterns of infection and disease with P falciparum and P vivax in young Papua New Guinean children","volume":"5","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2403","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002403","article-title":"A high force of Plasmodium vivax blood-stage infection drives the rapid acquisition of immunity in Papua New Guinean children","volume":"7","author":"Koepfli","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1086\/512241","article-title":"Relapses of Plasmodium vivax infection usually result from activation of heterologous hypnozoites","volume":"195","author":"Imwong","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2023884","article-title":"Hidden biomass of intact malaria parasites in the human spleen","volume":"384","author":"Kho","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e152463","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI152463","article-title":"A systematic analysis of the human immune response to Plasmodium vivax","volume":"133","author":"Bach","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12804","article-title":"The regulation of CD4+ T cells during malaria","volume":"293","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2003.01620.x","article-title":"Signalling events involved in interferon-\u03b3\u2013inducible macrophage nitric oxide generation","volume":"108","author":"Blanchette","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0805832","article-title":"Protection against a malaria challenge by sporozoite inoculation","volume":"361","author":"Roestenberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21060","article-title":"Sterile protection against human malaria by chemoattenuated PfSPZ vaccine","volume":"542","author":"Mordm\u00fcller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1009","article-title":"A CD4+ T-cell immune response to a conserved epitope in the circumsporozoite protein correlates with protection from natural Plasmodium falciparum infection and disease","volume":"10","author":"Reece","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2027","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002027","article-title":"Correlation of memory T cell responses against TRAP with protection from clinical malaria, and CD4+ CD25high T cells with susceptibility in Kenyans","volume":"3","author":"Todryk","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv054","article-title":"Effector phenotype of Plasmodium falciparum\u2013specific CD4+ T cells is influenced by both age and transmission intensity in naturally exposed populations","volume":"212","author":"Boyle","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-00911-7","article-title":"Systems analysis and controlled malaria infection in Europeans and Africans elucidate naturally acquired immunity","volume":"22","author":"de Jong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.148086","article-title":"High-dimensional mass cytometry identifies T cell and B cell signatures predicting reduced risk of Plasmodium vivax malaria","volume":"6","author":"Ioannidis","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.04.011","article-title":"T follicular helper cell biology: a decade of discovery and diseases","volume":"50","author":"Crotty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iqab008","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfimm\/iqab008","article-title":"T-follicular helper cells in malaria infection and roles in antibody induction","volume":"2","author":"Soon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxford Open Immunol"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2020.100157","article-title":"Th2-like T follicular helper cells promote functional antibody production during Plasmodium falciparum infection","volume":"1","author":"Chan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Reports Med"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103784","article-title":"Adults with Plasmodium falciparum malaria have higher magnitude and quality of circulating T-follicular helper cells compared to children","volume":"75","author":"Oyong","year":"2022","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.09.004","article-title":"Circulating Th1-cell-type Tfh cells that exhibit impaired B cell help are preferentially activated during acute malaria in children","volume":"13","author":"Obeng-Adjei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006484","article-title":"T follicular helper cells regulate the activation of B lymphocytes and antibody production during Plasmodium vivax infection","volume":"13","author":"Figueiredo","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2021.04.006","article-title":"Cytokine-skewed Tfh cells: functional consequences for B cell help","volume":"42","author":"Olatunde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003864","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003864","article-title":"IFN\u03b3\/IL-10 co-producing cells dominate the CD4 response to malaria in highly exposed children","volume":"10","author":"Jagannathan","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01329","article-title":"The development of Plasmodium falciparum\u2013specific IL10 CD4 T cells and protection from malaria in children in an area of high malaria transmission","volume":"8","author":"Boyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000364","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000364","article-title":"Distinct roles for FOXP3 + and FOXP3\u2212 CD4+ T cells in regulating cellular immunity to uncomplicated and severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"5","author":"Walther","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.ads2957","article-title":"Clone tracking through repeated malaria identifies high-fidelity memory CD4 T cell responses","volume":"10","author":"Nideffer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","author":"Nideffer","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.09.16.676649"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2005.08.006","article-title":"Upregulation of TGF-\u03b2, FOXP3, and CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells correlates with more rapid parasite growth in human malaria infection","volume":"23","author":"Walther","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1005041","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005041","article-title":"Decline of FoxP3+ regulatory CD4 T cells in peripheral blood of children heavily exposed to malaria","volume":"11","author":"Boyle","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070819","article-title":"Impaired nitric oxide bioavailability and L-arginine\u2013reversible endothelial dysfunction in adults with falciparum malaria","volume":"204","author":"Yeo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01334-07","article-title":"Determinants of in vitro drug susceptibility testing of Plasmodium vivax","volume":"52","author":"Russell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1086\/653125","article-title":"Age-related susceptibility to severe malaria associated with galectin-2 in highland Papuans","volume":"202","author":"Randall","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002815","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002815","article-title":"Malaria morbidity and mortality following introduction of a universal policy of artemisinin-based treatment for malaria in Papua, Indonesia: a longitudinal surveillance study","volume":"16","author":"Kenangalem","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.22625","article-title":"FlowSOM: using self-organizing maps for visualization and interpretation of cytometry data","volume":"87","author":"Van Gassen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytom Part A"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00861","article-title":"UMAP: uniform manifold approximation and projection for dimension reduction","volume":"3","author":"McInnes","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.a.24350","article-title":"Integration, exploration, and analysis of high-dimensional single-cell cytometry data using spectre","volume":"101","author":"Ashhurst","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cytom Part A"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1086\/588711","article-title":"Antibodies to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface protein 5 in Indonesia: species-specific and cross-reactive responses","volume":"198","author":"Woodberry","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0158-z","article-title":"T cell-mediated immunity to malaria","volume":"19","author":"Kurup","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31880-6","article-title":"Age-dependent changes in circulating Tfh cells influence development of functional malaria antibodies in children","volume":"13","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e196828","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.196828","article-title":"Tfh2 and a subset of Tfh1 cells associate with antibody-mediated immunity to malaria","volume":"10","author":"Soon","year":"2025","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu814","article-title":"IFN\u03b3 responses to pre-erythrocytic and blood-stage malaria antigens exhibit differential associations with past exposure and subsequent protection","volume":"211","author":"Jagannathan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e153733","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI153733","article-title":"IL-10-producing Th1 cells possess a distinct molecular signature in malaria","volume":"133","author":"Edwards","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104772","article-title":"Malaria-specific type 1 regulatory T cells are more abundant in first pregnancies and associated with placental malaria","volume":"95","author":"Kirosingh","year":"2023","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01888-9","article-title":"CD4+ T cells exhibit distinct transcriptional phenotypes in the lymph nodes and blood following mRNA vaccination in humans","volume":"25","author":"Borcherding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-024-01926-6","article-title":"Influenza vaccination stimulates maturation of the human T follicular helper cell response","volume":"25","author":"Schattgen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07492-4","article-title":"Single-cell RNA sequencing unveils an IL-10\u2013producing helper subset that sustains humoral immunity during persistent infection","volume":"9","author":"Xin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026042913525324800_jiag115-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4090","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.10.4090-4093.1997","article-title":"Rapid reemergence of T cells into peripheral circulation following treatment of severe and uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"65","author":"Hviid","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Immun"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiag115\/67155582\/jiag115.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/233\/4\/e891\/67155582\/jiag115.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article-pdf\/233\/4\/e891\/67155582\/jiag115.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T17:53:07Z","timestamp":1777485187000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jid\/article\/233\/4\/e891\/8501133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiag115","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1899","1537-6613"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1899","type":"print"},{"value":"1537-6613","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]}}}