{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:12:53Z","timestamp":1788369173790,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016302","name":"Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016302","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005629","name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005629","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-borne virus that affects livestock and humans. The 4-segmented live-attenuated human vaccine candidate hRVFV-4s has shown a strong safety profile and excellent tolerability in healthy adults during a first-in-human clinical trial, while also eliciting both neutralizing antibody and T-cell responses. Recognizing the critical role of cellular immunity in vaccine-induced protection and immune durability, this study aimed to comprehensively characterize the cytokine secretion profile, the antigen-specific breadth of RVFV-specific T-cell responses and memory T-cell formation, elicited by a single dose of hRVFV-4s, up to 6 months post-vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected during the first-in-human clinical trial at 0, 7, 14, and 180 days post hRVFV-4s vaccination were analyzed for RVFV-specific T-cell responses using multiparametric flow cytometry and multiplex cytokine detection assays.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A strong N-specific peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response was detected among vaccinees, accompanied by Gn- and Gc-specific T cells, albeit the latter at comparatively lower frequencies. These responses were mediated by polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which were detectable as early as at 2 weeks post-vaccination. The RVFV-specific T-cells were primarily of the effector memory phenotype and demonstrated cytokine secretion profiles characteristic of a T helper 1 (Th1)-type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates that the cell-mediated immune response induced by a single dose of the hRVFV-4s vaccine is characterized by robust, virus-specific Th1-type CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response. Together with previously reported virus-neutralizing antibody responses, these coordinated immune responses are expected to contribute to vaccine-mediated protection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T12:43:08Z","timestamp":1772714588000},"page":"e281-e289","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Induction of a Th1-Type Polyfunctional T-Cell Response by the Four-segmented Rift Valley Fever Candidate Vaccine in Humans"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2638-2380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amare","family":"Aregay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine , Hannover 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