{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:12:56Z","timestamp":1788369176798,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002992","name":"UK Department for International Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002992","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015060","name":"Nagasaki University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), a gynecological disease caused by Schistosoma haematobium egg deposition in the female genital tract, is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, the region with the highest cervical cancer burden globally. Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is necessary for cervical cancer development. We determined the association between FGS and HR-HPV genotypes in Zambian women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sexually active women aged 15\u201350 years, not menstruating or pregnant, were recruited at home and provided 2 cervicovaginal self-swabs, urine sample, and HIV and Trichomonas vaginalis self-tests, and completed a questionnaire. In clinic, midwives collected cervicovaginal swabs and cervical images with point-of-care colposcopy (EVA System, MobileODT). Swabs were analyzed for 14 HR-HPV types (GeneXpert) and Schistosoma DNA (ITS-2 real-time polymerase chain reaction [qPCR]); urine was analyzed for Schistosoma ova by microscopy and circulating anodic antigen. Visual FGS was defined as colposcopic identification of specific genital lesions, and molecular FGS as Schistosoma-positive cervicovaginal qPCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 2532 women (median age, 28 [interquartile range, 22\u201336] years) recruited at home, 1694 (67%) completed clinic follow-up. Prevalence of visual FGS, molecular FGS, and HR-HPV was 35.2% (595\/1691), 6.5% (165\/2532), and 28.7% (690\/2401), respectively. Molecular FGS was weakly associated with all HR-HPV (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.3 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .9\u20131.9]). Women with molecular FGS were more likely to test positive for HR-HPV types 16\/18\/45 (aOR, 1.7 [95% CI, 1.0\u20132.8]). No association was observed between visual FGS and HR-HPV infection (95% CI, .7\u20131.1).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study to jointly screen for FGS and HR-HPV in Zambia, reporting an association between oncogenic HR-HPV types and molecular FGS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T12:43:40Z","timestamp":1773146620000},"page":"e414-e426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Female Genital Schistosomiasis and High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Among Women of Reproductive Age in Zambia: The Schista 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