{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T19:05:35Z","timestamp":1791140735535,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Invasive disease caused by typhoid and nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a threat confronting young children in sub-Saharan Africa. We are developing a trivalent Salmonella conjugate vaccine (TSCV) consisting of typhoid Vi conjugate and core-O-polysaccharide conjugates from 2 invasive NTS serovars (S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a randomized-controlled Phase 1\/2a trial assessing the safety and immunogenicity of a full-strength TSCV (FS; 25 \u00b5g of all 3 polysaccharides), half-strength TSCV (HS; 25 \u00b5g of Vi and 12.5 \u00b5g of both NTS polysaccharides), dilutional half-strength TSCV (dilHS; 12.5 \u00b5g of all 3 polysaccharides), or placebo. Local and systemic adverse events were recorded and blood was collected for serum antibody and antibody-secreting cells (ASCs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 80 evaluable participants aged 20\u201347 years were enrolled. All vaccines were well tolerated; mild injection site pain and fatigue were the most common reactions reported. Serum antibody and ASC responses to the 3 primary polysaccharide antigens were robust, ranging between 85% and 100% response rates, with no statistically significant difference between the 3 formulations. No placebo recipients manifested significant antibody or ASC responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data encourage the further development of TSCV to address a pressing public health problem in young children of sub-Saharan Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T13:48:04Z","timestamp":1774532884000},"page":"1081-1090","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Safety and Immunogenicity of a Trivalent\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    Conjugate Vaccine to\n                    <i>S.<\/i>\n                    Typhi,\n                    <i>S.<\/i>\n                    Typhimurium, and\n                    <i>S.<\/i>\n                    Enteritidis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7741-5536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilbur H","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charmagne G","family":"Beckett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaron Clinical Pharmacology Center , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Al-Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaron Clinical Pharmacology Center , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1968-2086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reva","family":"Datar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3811-7285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J","family":"Sikorski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 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University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0651-5748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon M","family":"Tennant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2771-1609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott M","family":"Baliban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4202-0213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James E","family":"Galen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8370-4876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Lees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Fina Biosolutions LLC , Rockville, Maryland 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