{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T19:54:57Z","timestamp":1781639697792,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 AI113185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 AI113185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR002319"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR002319"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007812","name":"University of Washington","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI027757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI027757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007812","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Little is known about the natural history of Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) in the throat and the rectum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Men who have sex with men were enrolled in a longitudinal cohort study on the natural history of extragenital gonorrhea and chlamydia. Men self-collected pharyngeal and rectal specimens weekly and completed electronic symptom and sexual behavior diaries for 48 weeks. Prevalent infections were detected on the first week of testing; incident infections were defined as \u22652 consecutive weeks of positive specimens after a negative test result. We calculated duration using Kaplan-Meier analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 140 enrolled men who have sex with men, 112 participated and 108 submitted samples on week 1. Ten (9.3%) had prevalent rectal MG, and there were 15 incident rectal MG infections (incidence, 19.8\/100 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI), 11.5\u201334.1\/100 person-years). Rectal MG had a median duration of 42 weeks (95% CI, 7.3 weeks to undefined); most infections (60%) were entirely asymptomatic. Four participants (3.7%) had prevalent pharyngeal infections, and there were 14 incident pharyngeal infections (incidence. 17.5\/100 person-years [95% CI, 9.9\u201330.8\/100 person-years]). Pharyngeal MG had a median duration of 12 weeks (95% CI, 6.3 weeks to undefined); symptoms were rare (6%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Rectal and pharyngeal MG was common in this cohort. Half of the rectal MG infections persisted for nearly a year; many remained positive at week 48, suggesting persistence beyond 1 year. Pharyngeal infection persisted for 3 months. The absence of symptoms or other morbidity in most infections suggests that testing for MG at these sites would have uncertain individual benefit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T12:53:54Z","timestamp":1773838434000},"page":"1091-1099","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Natural History of\n                    <i>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/i>\n                    in the Pharynx and Rectum in a Cohort of Men Who Have Sex With Men: Prevalence, Incidence, Duration, and Symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"233","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7189-5492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindley A","family":"Barbee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Public Health\u2014Seattle & King County HIV\/STD Program, , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengruo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew R","family":"Golden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Public Health\u2014Seattle & King County HIV\/STD Program, , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9743-0829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine M","family":"Khosropour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olusegun O","family":"Soge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4896-7654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa E","family":"Manhart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Global Health, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061615215767500_jiag173-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00006-11","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium: from chrysalis to multicolored butterfly","volume":"24","author":"Taylor-Robinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2026061615215767500_jiag173-B2","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between Mycoplasma genitalium and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)","author":"Htaik","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026061615215767500_jiag173-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ312","article-title":"Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract disease: a 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men","volume":"8","author":"Chow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026061615215767500_jiag173-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2504.181258","article-title":"Symptoms, sites, and significance of Mycoplasma genitalium in men who have sex with men","volume":"25","author":"Read","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026061615215767500_jiag173-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001148","article-title":"High prevalence of vaginal and rectal Mycoplasma genitalium macrolide resistance among female sexually transmitted disease clinic patients in Seattle, Washington","volume":"47","author":"Khosropour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"2026061615215767500_jiag173-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2019-054310","article-title":"Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium by anatomical site in men who 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