{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T09:33:12Z","timestamp":1792661592085,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Azole therapy is currently not used against Candida auris infections. Although fluconazole resistance is prevalent, 10% to 45% of isolates among clades remain non-resistant (minimum inhibitory concentrations [MICs] &amp;lt;32 mg\/L). We evaluated fluconazole pharmacokinetics\/pharmacodynamics against these isolates using a Galleria mellonella model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine C. auris isolates representing 5 clades and MICs of 1 to 128 mg\/L were studied, and 4 Candida albicans isolates were included for model validation. Larvae were infected with lethal inocula and treated for 4 days with human-equivalent fluconazole doses. Efficacy endpoints were 24-hour change in fungal burden and 7-day survival. Free-drug 24-hour area under the concentration-time curve divided by the MIC (fAUC0\u201324\/MIC) target was derived by a sigmoidal Emax model, and Monte Carlo simulations estimated the probability of target attainment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For C. albicans, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) fAUC0\u201324\/MIC corresponding to EI50 for 24-hour fungal burden reduction was 35.5, consistent with murine models. EI90 survival targets were 76.5 (CLSI) and 68.9 (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) fAUC0-24\/MIC, supporting the clinical breakpoints and validating the model. For C. auris, EI90 targets for survival were 93.2 (CLSI) and 63.2 (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) fAUC0-24\/MIC, and probabilities of target attainment &amp;gt;95% were found for isolates with MICs up to 2, 4, and 8 mg\/L with fluconazole doses of 400, 800, and 1200 mg\/d, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fluconazole demonstrated similar in vivo activity against C. auris and C. albicans. Putative wild type isolates with MICs \u22648 mg\/L may be treatable with 1200 mg\/d. Clinical studies are needed to verify the efficacy of fluconazole against C. auris.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T12:53:19Z","timestamp":1773838399000},"page":"143-153","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Can Fluconazole Be Used to Treat Non-Resistant\n                    <i>Candida<\/i>\n                    (\n                    <i>Candidozyma<\/i>\n                    )\n                    <i>auris<\/i>\n                    Infections? Preclinical Pharmacokinetic\/Pharmacodynamic Data From a\n                    <i>Galleria mellonella<\/i>\n                    Infection Model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7453-9489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasiliki","family":"Kroustali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, \u201cAttikon\u201d University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spyros","family":"Pournaras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, \u201cAttikon\u201d University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8869-1509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Meletiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, \u201cAttikon\u201d University General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080313221285400_jiag182-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05543-0","article-title":"Is the superbug fungus really so scary? A systematic review and meta-analysis of global epidemiology and mortality of Candida auris","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026080313221285400_jiag182-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00351","article-title":"Nine things genomics can tell us about Candida auris","volume":"11","author":"Chybowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"2026080313221285400_jiag182-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9090913","article-title":"An overview on Candida auris in healthcare settings","volume":"9","author":"Cristina","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Fungi"},{"key":"2026080313221285400_jiag182-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e280","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00749-7","article-title":"Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of candidiasis: an initiative of the ECMM in cooperation with ISHAM and ASM","volume":"25","author":"Cornely","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026080313221285400_jiag182-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00046-13","article-title":"Tissue penetration of antifungal agents","volume":"27","author":"Felton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2026080313221285400_jiag182-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2025.04.003","article-title":"How does antifungal resistance vary in Candida (Candidozyma) auris and its clades? 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