{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:01:07Z","timestamp":1790190067348,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"Bench to Bedside Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cervicovaginal microbiome may affect susceptibility to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -1 and can in turn influence the prevalence and clinical course of HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted diseases. Because the determinants, immunological correlates, and clinical effects of the dysbiosis observed in women with HIV-1 (WWH) remain elusive, we evaluated the vaginal immunological milieu, cervicovaginal microbiome, and prevalence of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in antiretroviral-naive WWH over their first year of antiretroviral therapy (ART).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>83 ART-naive Ugandan WWH were enrolled in a longitudinal observational trial. Clinical evaluation and sampling of cervicovaginal secretions and plasma were performed 0, 8, 24, and 52 weeks after ART initiation. 16S ribosomal-RNA-V3\u2212V4 sequencing identified cervicovaginal microbial communities. A multiplex-bead-array assay was used for biomarkers quantification, while a polymerase chain reaction\u2013based hybridization assay was used for HPV genotyping.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gardnerella was the most abundant genus, with a median relative abundance of 35% before ART, maintaining a high prevalence throughout the study. Vaginal bacterial diversity did not change after ART, although the relative abundance of some genera, including the bacterial vaginosis\u2013associated bacteria Peptostreptococcus and Prevotella, decreased compared with baseline. Inflammatory biomarkers remained elevated in the cervicovaginal compartment despite prompt decreases in plasma. The prevalence of high-risk and low-risk HPV types remained stable despite ART.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Suppression of HIV-1 replication is not sufficient to revert dysbiotic changes, proinflammatory immunological milieu and persistent HPV infections. Exploration of targeted strategies to restore cervicovaginal mucosal immunological functions in WWH is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T11:42:13Z","timestamp":1775648533000},"page":"e486-e495","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Persistence of Bacterial Dysbiosis, Cervicovaginal Human Papillomaviruses, and Inflammation in Women Living With HIV-1 After a Year of Antiretroviral Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"234","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1475-356X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Lisco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 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Cedars-Sinai Medical Center , Los Angeles, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5196-6022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Derek","family":"Macmath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0991-0011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maura","family":"Manion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4651-1423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew 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