{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:00:26Z","timestamp":1790190026862,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","funder":[{"name":"Emerging Infections Program"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005663","name":"Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Older individuals (\u226565 years) are at greatest risk of severe influenza requiring hospitalization. Since 2009, influenza-associated hospitalization rates during A(H1N1)pdm09-predominant influenza seasons have been lower than during A(H3N2)-predominant seasons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalization rates from US population\u2013based surveillance, we investigated the relative A(H1N1)pdm09 to A(H3N2) hospitalization rate ratios by patient year of age and birth cohort from 2010 through 2025.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results suggest partial protection against A(H1N1)pdm09 hospitalizations relative to A(H3N2) hospitalizations among patients born before 1945 (pre-1945 birth cohorts) and among individuals born during 1994 through 2009. Impact of partial protection against A(H1N1)pdm09-associated hospitalizations has diminished over time among older adults, contributing to elevated influenza hospitalization rates during the 2024\u20132025 influenza season.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that influenza A hospitalization rates may increase during future influenza seasons when influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1) viruses circulate or following the emergence of novel A(H1N1)pdm09-like viruses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiag232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T17:19:55Z","timestamp":1777310395000},"page":"e531-e540","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of Age and Birth Cohort on Influenza A Virus Subtype-Specific Hospitalization Rates, United States, 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